Lung Pathology Radiology - Dr. Singh

Question 1

Bronchopneumonia CXR and CT

Answer 1

tree buds in any and many lobes

= any infection

Question 2

Lobar Pneumonia CXR

Answer 2

fluid or exudate
= 1 lobe effected (fissure seen)
= S. Aurus, S. Pneumonia, GRAM-
= red Hepatization

Question 3

Lobar pneumonia can become

Answer 3

bulging fissure

abscess

Question 4

Bulging Pneumonia

Answer 4

Klebsiella

= circle oval in middle of one side of lung

Question 5

Abscess pneumonia

Answer 5

= in lobar pneumonia
= air-fluid levels seen in an enclose little cavity
= Klebsiella, S. Aureus

Question 6

Bronchiectasis CXR and CT

Answer 6

widening airways extending to periphery
wide holes seen very close to periphery
= CF
= Aspergillus
= primary ciliary dyskenisia 
= TB
= Young's syndrome

Question 7

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 7

Kartagener syndrome (X ciliary parts to move inhaled substances out)
= dextrocardia (on opposite side)
= bronchiectasis

Question 8

pulmonary edema CXR

Answer 8

= BAT WING (central infiltrates from air or blood)
= usually from high hydrostatic P (L HF)
= hypersensitivity pneumonitis
= Inhalation injury

Question 9

Fibrosis CXR

Answer 9

REVERSE BAT WING (peripheral infiltrates from lymphatics or systemic, more pleural involvement)
= IPF
= Sarcoidosis
= ILD

Question 10

sarcoidosis CXR

Answer 10

reverse batwing if lymphatic spread
hilar LAD
BOTH (diffuse)

Question 11

ARDS CXR

Answer 11

diffuse bilateral infiltrates white out (permeative fluid build up in alveoli all at once)(ground glass looking)
- severe pneumonia, atelectasis, diffuse hemorrhage

Question 12

pulmonary nodules white are what

Answer 12

calcifications

Question 13

diffuse pulmonary nodule

Answer 13

benign (histoplasmosis, old calcified nodule)

= old granulomas

Question 14

Laminated pulmonary nodule

Answer 14

histoplasmosis = old granulomas

Question 15

Hamartoma pulmonary nodule

Answer 15

Popcorn pulmonary nodule
= coin lesion on CT
= firm marble looking + hyaline cartilage

Question 16

stippled pulmonary nodule

Answer 16

unknown usually need to be looked at more

Question 17

when to biopsy a tumor or pulmonary nodule

Answer 17

Fleischner Guidelines 
= age
= smoker
= growing
= solid
= not calcified

Question 18

what cancer does not show up as a pulmonary nodule

Answer 18

mucinous adenocarcinoma

Question 19

mucinous adenocarsinoma CXR

Answer 19

= looks like pneumonia
= can be bilateral
(speckled infiltrates all over)

Question 20

Adenocarcinoma in situ CXR

Answer 20

= ground glass appearance (GREY) in circle

brachioalveolar carcinoma

Question 21

ground glass opacities are seen when

Answer 21

1. adenocarcinoma
2. ILD
3. edema
4. hemorrhage

Question 22

Invasive adenocarcinoma CXR

Answer 22

bubble lucencies 
(white mass with some black dots of air inside)

Question 23

Squamous Cell Carcinoma CXR

Answer 23

cavitation can grow big

= usually causes resorption atelectasis (wedge shaped white usually upper lobes)

Question 24

atelectasis resorptive

Answer 24

wedge shaped (from obstruction in that airway)
- from SCC
- from infarction 
- from endobrachial carcinoid tumor 
= CASUING OBSTRUCTION

Question 25

tension vs primary pneumothorax with P causing these differences

Answer 25

1. Primary : Pleural cavity P < atm P

2. Tension : Pleural cavity P > atm P

Question 26

CXR are taken when during breathing and esp for pneumothorax

Answer 26

expiration = larger diaphragm to look at