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Histopath > Lung Pathology > Flashcards

Lung Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Define emphysema

A

Destruction of lung parenchyma distal to terminal bronchioles

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2
Q

Causes of emphysema?

A

Smoking

a1AT deficiency (protease switched off by cigarette smoking)

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3
Q

Define bronchiectasis

A

Permanent dilatation of large airways with impaired mucociliary clearance

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4
Q

Define chronic bronchitis

A

Productive cough most days for at least 3 months of the year for more than 2 years

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5
Q

Complications of bronchiectais?

A

Recurrent infection

Pulmonary hypertension (leading to cor pulmonale)

Haemoptysis

Fibrosis

Amyloidosis

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6
Q

Bronchiectasis on CXR?

A

Tram lines

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7
Q

Diagnostic test for bronchiectasis?

A

CT

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8
Q

Curschmann spirals
Charcot Leyden crystals
Eosinophils

A

Asthma

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9
Q

Youngs syndrome?

A

Rhinosinusitis

Azoospermia

Bronchiectasis

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10
Q

Interstitial lung disease follow what spirometer picture?

A

Restrictive

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11
Q

Two types of interstitial lung disease?

A

Fibrosing and granulomatous

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12
Q

Extrinsic allergy alvelolitis is a ……… interstitial lung disease?

A

Granulomatous

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13
Q

Usual interstitial pneumonia

Honeycomb change at periphery of lobule and which is sub pleural

Type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

75% due to smoking

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14
Q

Fibrosing Lung disease due to inhalation of inorganic antigens?

A

Pneumoconiosis

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15
Q

Pneumoconiosis affects which zones?

A

Upper lobes except asbestosis (lower and pleura)

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16
Q

Polyploid plugs of loose connective tissue?

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

17
Q

4 stages of lobar pneumonia?

A

Consolidation

Red hepatisation (neutrophilia)

Grey hepatisation (fibrosis)

Resolution

18
Q

CENTRALLY occurring lung cancer with Kulchitsky cells

A

Small cell

19
Q

Small cell metastasises….?

20
Q

Lung cancer with highest rate of p53/c myc mutations

A

Squamous cell

21
Q

Occurs in women and non smokers

22
Q

Large cells
large nuclei
Poor prognosis

A

Large cell Ca

23
Q

Lung Ca showing keratinisation and intercellular prickles

A

Squamous cell (prickles = desmosomes)

24
Q

Which is more chemosensitive and why?

A

Small cell more chemosensitive as NSCLC has ERCC1 mutation that gives poorer response to cisplatin

25
Q

Definition of pulmonary hypertension?

A

Mean pulmonary arterial BP > 25 mmHg

26
Q

Expanded lung, firm, airless and plum coloured

A

Diffuse alveolar damage

27
Q

Heart failure cells

A

Iron-laden macrophages seen in pulmonary oedema

28
Q

Saddle embolus for PE?

A

Occludes pulmonary trunk

*risk death if more than 69% pulmonary bed occluded

29
Q

EGFR targeted in which lung Ca?

30
Q

EML4-ALK mutation in?

31
Q

Centrilobular emphysema?

32
Q

Panacinar emphysema?

A

a1AT deficiency

Histopath (5 decks)

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