lung neoplasms

Question 1

benign neoplasms of lung

Answer 1

uncommon
hamartoma
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

Question 2

primary lung maliganancies

Answer 2

most common cause of cancer death in USA
almost all fatal
vast majority are epithelial neoplasms (carcinomas)
carcinoids are 5% of primary lung tumors

Question 3

hamartoma

Answer 3

popcorn calcification

benign islands of cartilage, fat, smooth m, and entrapped respiratory epithelium

Question 4

primary carcinomas

Answer 4

squamous cell carcinoma
small cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
large cell carcinoma
adenosquamous carcinoma

Question 5

squamous cell carcinomas

Answer 5

papillary
clear cell
small cell
basaloid

Question 6

adenocarcinomas

Answer 6

in situ
minimally invasive adenocarcinoma=microinvasive
lepidic, acinar, papillary, solid
mucinous

Question 7

minimally invasive adenocarcinoma

Answer 7

<3cm w/less then 5mm of invasive component

Question 8

carcinoid tumors

Answer 8

typical

atypical

Question 9

other malignant tumors

Answer 9

carcinomas of salivary gland type

unclassified carcinoma

Question 10

non-small cell carcinomas

Answer 10

squamous cell
adenocarcinoma
large cell carcinomas

Question 11

lung carcinogens in tobacco smoke

Answer 11

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Question 12

bladder carcinogens in tabacco

Answer 12

4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine

Question 13

other lung cancer risk factors

Answer 13

radiation
asbestos
radon in uranium miners
polycyclic hydrocarbons
silica 
bis-ether
nickel
arsenic
chromium
mustard gas

Question 14

small cell

Answer 14

99% smokers

central

Question 15

squamous

Answer 15

98% smokers

central

Question 16

adenocarcinoma

Answer 16

82% smokers

peripheral

Question 17

bronchiolo-alveolar in situ

Answer 17

70% smokers

peripheral

Question 18

large cell

Answer 18

93% smokers

anywhere

Question 19

mutations

Answer 19

del3p
p16
p53
RB
EGFR
KRAS

Question 20

del3p

Answer 20

squamous and small cell

Question 21

p16

Answer 21

squamous

Question 22

p53

Answer 22

squamous and small cell

Question 23

RB

Answer 23

squamous and small cell

Question 24

EGFR

Answer 24

squamous and adenocarcinoma

Question 25

KRAS

Answer 25

adenocarcinoma

Question 26

signs and symptoms of LCA

Answer 26

pain, hemoptysis, underlying chronic lung disease symptoms

Question 27

local direct effects of LCA

Answer 27

atelectasis, bronchiectasis and infections absesses

Question 28

complications of LCA

Answer 28

SVC syndrome
pericarditis and
paraneoplastic and endocrine syndromes

Question 29

pancoast tumor

Answer 29

apical lung tumor w/pain in distributation of ulnar n and horners syndrome

Question 30

horners syndrome

Answer 30

enophthalmos
ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis

Question 31

lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome

Answer 31

Abs to neuronal CaCh

Question 32

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 32

24-40% LCA
98% smokers
central endobrochial growth
precursor lesions
keratinization frequent
may have hypercalcemic paraneoplastic syndrome
may cavitate

Question 33

adenocarcinoma

Answer 33

25-40% LCA
82% smokers
most common CA in women and non smokers
peripheral
precursor lesion: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
mucin production
TTF1 +

Question 34

bronchioloaveloar carcinoma in situ

Answer 34

5% LCA
70% smokers
peripheral, may be unifocal, multifocal, lobar, or diffuse
mucin + or -
<3cm no invasion
mucinous more likely to spread

Question 35

large cell carcinoma

Answer 35

10-15% LCA
93% smokers
central or peripheral
undifferentiated
small percentage actualy large cell neuroendocrine

Question 36

small cell carcinoma

Answer 36

20-25% of all 
99% smokers
mostly central
neuroendocrine origin
precursor lesion in some is diffuse idiopathic endocrine cell hyperplasia
azzopardi effect
very aggressive, respond to chemo
p53
RB1
BCL-2