lung neoplasms Flashcards
benign neoplasms of lung
uncommon
hamartoma
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
primary lung maliganancies
most common cause of cancer death in USA
almost all fatal
vast majority are epithelial neoplasms (carcinomas)
carcinoids are 5% of primary lung tumors
hamartoma
popcorn calcification
benign islands of cartilage, fat, smooth m, and entrapped respiratory epithelium
primary carcinomas
squamous cell carcinoma small cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma large cell carcinoma adenosquamous carcinoma
squamous cell carcinomas
papillary
clear cell
small cell
basaloid
adenocarcinomas
in situ
minimally invasive adenocarcinoma=microinvasive
lepidic, acinar, papillary, solid
mucinous
minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
<3cm w/less then 5mm of invasive component
carcinoid tumors
typical
atypical
other malignant tumors
carcinomas of salivary gland type
unclassified carcinoma
non-small cell carcinomas
squamous cell
adenocarcinoma
large cell carcinomas
lung carcinogens in tobacco smoke
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
bladder carcinogens in tabacco
4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine
other lung cancer risk factors
radiation asbestos radon in uranium miners polycyclic hydrocarbons silica bis-ether nickel arsenic chromium mustard gas
small cell
99% smokers
central
squamous
98% smokers
central
adenocarcinoma
82% smokers
peripheral
bronchiolo-alveolar in situ
70% smokers
peripheral
large cell
93% smokers
anywhere
mutations
del3p p16 p53 RB EGFR KRAS
del3p
squamous and small cell
p16
squamous
p53
squamous and small cell
RB
squamous and small cell
EGFR
squamous and adenocarcinoma
KRAS
adenocarcinoma
signs and symptoms of LCA
pain, hemoptysis, underlying chronic lung disease symptoms
local direct effects of LCA
atelectasis, bronchiectasis and infections absesses
complications of LCA
SVC syndrome
pericarditis and
paraneoplastic and endocrine syndromes
pancoast tumor
apical lung tumor w/pain in distributation of ulnar n and horners syndrome
horners syndrome
enophthalmos
ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis
lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome
Abs to neuronal CaCh
squamous cell carcinoma
24-40% LCA 98% smokers central endobrochial growth precursor lesions keratinization frequent may have hypercalcemic paraneoplastic syndrome may cavitate
adenocarcinoma
25-40% LCA 82% smokers most common CA in women and non smokers peripheral precursor lesion: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia mucin production TTF1 +
bronchioloaveloar carcinoma in situ
5% LCA 70% smokers peripheral, may be unifocal, multifocal, lobar, or diffuse mucin + or - <3cm no invasion mucinous more likely to spread
large cell carcinoma
10-15% LCA 93% smokers central or peripheral undifferentiated small percentage actualy large cell neuroendocrine
small cell carcinoma
20-25% of all 99% smokers mostly central neuroendocrine origin precursor lesion in some is diffuse idiopathic endocrine cell hyperplasia azzopardi effect very aggressive, respond to chemo p53 RB1 BCL-2
