Lung infection

Question 1

What are the 2 main types of pneumoniae?

Answer 1

Bacteria pneumoniae-s.ppnseumonia, viral pneumoniae-RSV, influenza

Question 2

How important are lung disease in the global burden of disease?

Answer 2

Acute lung infection come way ahead in 1st, especially on “days lost” because it affects children loads

Question 3

What are the most important pahotgens associated with community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 3

Influenza, RVS, S.Pneumoniae, Rhinovirus

Question 4

What are the most common caused of hospital acquired pneumoniae?

Answer 4

Staph aureus, pseudomonas, klebstriella

Question 5

List the 4 typical pneumonae and atypical pathogens

Answer 5

Typical-s.pneumonae, Heamophilius infuelwae, Moraxela

Atypical-mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella, pneumoniae-not covered by B lactams and antobiotics

Question 6

What are the main causes of pneumonae rates?

Answer 6

Age is a major risk factor-follows risk of virus infection
Social factor (poverty, overcrowding), cigarettes, alcohol, medication (corticosteroids, immunosupressants, proton pump inhib), medical history (COPD, asthma, diabetes)

Question 7

What are common symptoms of pneumoniae?

Answer 7

Oxygen saturation low (under 90%), temperature, high pulse and resp rate, crepitation in right mid zone; wheeze or not
Diagnosis-acute lower resp symptoms, new focal chest sign, 1 systemic feature

Question 8

What are common diagnostic techniques for pneumoniae?

Answer 8

CXR-find a cloudy area near the lungs-more is more severe, blood serum (neutrophils etc)

Question 9

What are the important factors in administrating abx for pneuminae

Answer 9

Combine penicillin type and other. Time is crucial-as early as possible to avoid sceptic shock. Usually a week

Question 10

What are the main effects of viruses on the lungs?

Answer 10

Inflammation and damage to epithelium (ciliae loss, bacterial growth, poor ag barrier, loss of receptors)-as the system mounts big viral response might become susceptible to bacterial attack

Question 11

How are bacteria and viruses linked in pneumoniae?

Answer 11

Well it seems that viral infections predispose to bacteria

Question 12

What causes severe pneumoniae?

Answer 12

Viral load, DNA sequence, DNA, environement
Highly pathogenic strains (often zoonotic-luckily noy much in human)
Absence of prior immunity (any time deficiency, young or old
Predisposing illness (old, COPD/asthma)

Question 13

What are the states of influenza and RSV virus?

Answer 13

Influenza constantly evolves so it hard to predict the virus-can be very bad, and have to change it everyyear
RSV-reccurent re-infection with similar strains-no vaccine
But new deverlopments, on chimeric, nano particule vaccines

Question 14

What is the main disease RSV causes?

Answer 14

Bronchilitis-infects bronchi full of inflammatory cells

Question 15

What is the main issue with RSV?

Answer 15

By the time people are admitted, people already have pneumonia

Question 16

How do bacteria and virus load interct?

Answer 16

As the viral load increses, the bacterial load increases as well-and increases more as virus is cleared by immune system

Question 17

Does the lung have a microbiome?

Answer 17

Yes-and it has in it most of pathogens causing pneumoniae-probably causing disease after a viral infection that leaves system down