Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SBOMS > Lung diseases > Flashcards

Lung diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the lung airways does asthma affect?

A

Conducting airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where in the lung airways does COPD affect?

A

Conducting airways and parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where in the lung airways does ILD/IPF affect?

A

Lung parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where in the lung airways does TB affect?

A

Anywhere in the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What %FEV1 improvement following Bronchodilator administration is indicative of asthma?

A

> 12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why does asthma worsen in pregnancy?

A
  • 20% increase in o2 consumption
  • 15% increase in metabolic rate
  • 40-50% increased respiratory minute volume (amount of gas inhaled or exhaled in 1 min)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Factors for a diagnosis of asthma in pregnancy?

A

History of cough/wheeze/tightness

Reduced FEV1

Reduced FVC:FEV1 ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In what weeks of pregnancy is asthma worst?

A

24-26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Differentials to asthma in pregnancy?

A 
Dyspnoea of pregnancy
PE/amniotic fluid embolism
Bronchitis/pneumonia
Allergic rhinitis/sinusitis
HF
GORD
Vocal cord dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drugs should be used in asthma in pregnancy?

A

All can be used

SABA, LABA, corticosteroid, Theophylline (methyxanthine), chromones.

Corticosteroids associated with low birth weight and pre term birth should not be withheld in severe cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Long term treatment therapies for COPD?

A

Antimuscarinics, LABAs, ICS and LABA,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

R/Fs for IPF?

A 
Genetics - MUC5B
Smoking
Environmental exposure
Microbial agents - Herpes (EBV, HHV7/8, CMV)
GORD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Presentation of IPF?

A

Exertional dyspnoea
Dry cough
Clubbing
Diffuse inspiratory crackles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do you have to exclude to diagnose IPF?

A

Exclude: Medications, Connective Tissue diseases, environmental exposures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prognosis of IPF?

A

Median survival is 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

investigations to diagnose IPF?

A

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on chest HRCT/ surgical lung biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Complications of lung biopsy and mortality rate?

A

Acute exacerbations of interstitial disease
Pneumo/haemothorax
Empyema
Pneumonia

18
Q

What characterises restrictive lung disease?

A

Loss of lung volume

19
Q

Treatment for IPF?

A
  • Nintedanib/pirfenidone (antifibrotics)
  • Symptom control
  • O2 therapy
  • Transplant
  • Pulmonary rehab
20
Q

Usual presentation of pulmonary TB?

A

Cough
Weight loss
Night sweats
~6months of symptoms

21
Q

Investigation findings for TB?

A

Atypical shadowing on CXR
Sputum acid-fast stain positive (Zhiel-Nielson)
Bronchoscopy

22
Q

TB treatment? Length of treatment?

A
  • Rifampicin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Ethambutol

For a minimum treatment length of 6 months

23
Q

How many women require medical intervention for asthma in pregnancy?

A

45%

24
Q

What investigations should you not perform for asthma in pregnancy?

A

Methacholine challenge

Skin prick testing

25
Q

adherence rate for asthma medication in pregnancy?

A

50%

26
Q

What allergic investigations would you perform in asthma in pregnancy?

A

IgE blood analysis

27
Q

What are asthma exacerbations most associated with?

A

Low birth-weight babies

28
Q

What gene is associated with asthma in pregnancy?

A

ADAM33

29
Q

prediction of severity of COPD by FEV1?

A

> 80%, mild airways obstruction
50%- 80%, moderate airways obstruction
30%- 49%, severe airways obstruction

30
Q

Types of oxygen therapy in stable COPD?

A

Long term oxygen therapy

Ambulatory oxygen (desat on exertion)

Palliative short burst oxygen therapy

31
Q

Best way to improve mortality in COPD patients? Why?

A

Smoking cessation,

Makes oxygen less risky
Inhalers work better
Less exacerbations
Improved mental health
Improved cardiovascular health
32
Q

Inhaled drug therapies in COPD?

A

Bronchodilators: Long acting anti-muscarinics/Long acting B-agonists

Inhaled steroids IN COMBINATION with Long acting B agonists

33
Q

What is pulmonary rehab?

A

a program of exercise, education, and support to help you learn to breathe—and function—at the highest level possible.

34
Q

Four key interventions to improve QOL in COPD?

A

FOOD /Smoking cessation /Pulmonary rehabilitation /oxygen therapy

35
Q

Spirometry results of a COPD patient?

A

Obstructive FEV1/FVC with no bronchodilator reversibility

36
Q

Investigation to diagnose IPF? If the first line isn’t diagnostic what would you perform?

A

HRCT

Surgical biopsy

37
Q

Pattern of IPF on a HRCT?

A 
Bilateral		
Basal/peripheral	
predominance	
Reticular	lines		
Honeycombing		
Traction bronchiectasis
38
Q

What type of pulmonary disease is IPF?

A

Restrictive

39
Q

Tests for TB?

A

Sputum acid fast bacilli will be positive (zhiel-nielsen)

Induced sputum

Bronchoscopy

40
Q

How long would a TB culture normally take to grow? What media may speed this up?

A

Several weeks

A Bactec 460 Radiometric culture

41
Q

What is a ghon focus?

A

The primary site of TB infection

42
Q

What does TB do to the ECM that allows it to be successful? What is the proposed mechanism of this?

A

Destroys it.

Increased secretions of MMPs

SBOMS (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions