Lung disease Flashcards
Types of lung cancer tumour
Small cell and non-small cell
Types of non-small cell lung cancer
Adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, Large cell
Risk factors for lung cancer
Smoking, Elderly, Family history, Asbestos, Radon, Chromium, COPD
Symptoms of haemoptysis
Cough, Haemoptysis, SoB, Chest pain, Weight loss, Recurrent pneumonia, Hoarse voice
Signs of lung cancer
Monophonic wheeze, Clubbing, Palpable lymph (supraclavicular and axillary) nodes
Possible sequelae of lung cancer
SVC obstruction, Horner’s syndrome, SIADH, Cushing’s, Hypercalcaemia, VTE, Cord compression, Brain mets, Pleural effusion, Adrenal mets
Investigations for lung cancer
Bloods: FBC, U+Es, LFTs, Ca, INR
CXR, CT, PET, Biopsy, Bronchoscopy, Thoracoscopy
CXR findings with lung cancer
Opacity, Hilar enlargement, Collapse, Effusion
Management of lung cancer
Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Surgery
Indication for surgery in lung cancer
WHO performance score of 2 or less
Define a WHO performance score of 0
Normal
Define a WHO performance score of 1
Restricted on exercise
Define a WHO performance score of 2
Out of a chair >50% of the day
Define a WHO performance score of 3
In a chair >50% of the day
Define a WHO performance score of 4
Bed bound
Define a WHO performance score of 5
Dead
Diseases included in interstitial lung disease
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Sarcoidosis, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Asbestosis
Symptoms of sarcoidosis
SoB, Dry cough, Extra-pulmonary symptoms
Signs of sarcoidosis
Hepatosplenomegaly, Lymphadenopathy
Investigations for sarcoidosis
CXR, Spirometry
CXR findings with sarcoidosis
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, Beading in the fissure, Widened sternum
Spirometry findings with sarcoidosis
Restrictive
Management of sarcoidosis
Steroids, Methotrexate, immunosuppressants
Symptoms of extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Intermittent cough, Intermittent SoB
Investigations for extrinsic allergic alveolitis
CXR, Spirometry
CXR findings for extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Upper zone fibrosis/consolidation
Management of extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Conservative: Avoid triggers
Medical: Steroids
Symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Dry cough, SoB
Investigations for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
CXR, CT
CXR findings in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Reticular shadowing
CT findings in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Honeycombing
Management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Steroids
Risk factors for pulmoary embolism
Bed rest, Surgery, Thrombophilia, Malignancy, Pregnancy
Symptoms of pulmonary embolism
SoB, Haemoptysis, Chest pain (worse on inhalation), Syncope
Signs of pulmonary embolism
Cyanosis, Tachypnoea, Tachycardia, Raised JVP, Pleural rub, Pleural effusion, Right heave, hypotension
Features of a massive pulmonary embolism
Hypotension, Right heart strain
Investigations for pulmonary embolism
Bloods: FBC, U+Es, Clotting, D-Dimer
ABG, CXR, ECG, V/Q scan, CTPA
ECG findings in pulmonary embolism
RBBB, Right heart strain
Management of a stable Pulmonary embolism
Oxygen, Morphine, IV fluids
Dalteparin 15000
Management of a massive Pulmonary embolism
Oxygen, Morphine, IV fluids
Alteplase 50mg
Follow up management of a pulmonary embolism of no known cause
Warfarin for 6 months
Follow up management of a pulmonary embolism of known cause
Warfarin for 6 weeks
Target INR range for post PE warfarinisation
2-3
