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Respiratory medicine > Airway disease > Flashcards

Airway disease Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of COPD

A

Productive cough, SoB

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2
Q

Signs of COPD

A

Wheeze, Tachypnoea, Use of accessory muscles, Hyperinflation, Decreased cricosternal distance, Decreased chest expansion, Hyper-resonance

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3
Q

Investigations for COPD

A

Bloods: FBC

ABG, CXR, Spirometry

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4
Q

CXR findings in COPD

A

Hyperinflation

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5
Q

Conservative management of COPD

A

Smoking cessation, Pulmonary rehab, Improved diet

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6
Q

Classification and management of mild COPD

A 
FEV1 50-80%
PRN antimuscarinic (ipratropium bromide)
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7
Q

Classification and management of moderate COPD

A 
FEV1 30-50%
Regular antimuscarinc (ipratropium bromide) OR Inhaled LABA and steroid (salmeterol and beclomethasone)
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8
Q

Classification and management of severe COPD

A

FEV1

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9
Q

Indications for long term oxygen therapy in COPD

A

Hypoxic on air, Cor pulmonale

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10
Q

Symptoms of COPD exacerbation

A

Increasing cough, Increasing SoB

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11
Q

Investigations for COPD exacerbation

A

Bloods: FBC, U+Es, CRP, Culture

PEFR, ABG, ECG, Sputum culture

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12
Q

Management of COPD exacerbation

A

Medical: Salbutamol nebs, Ipratropium bromide nebs, Oral prednisolone, Aminophyline IV
Surgical: Non-invasive ventilation

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13
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

SoB (brought on by exercise), Productive cough (worse at nice)

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14
Q

Signs of asthma

A

Wheeze

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15
Q

Investigations for asthma

A

PEFR, Spirometry

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16
Q

Spirometry findings in asthma

A

Obstructive deficit with a 15% improvement after bronchodilators

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17
Q

Step 1 of BTS asthma management

A

SABA PRN

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18
Q

Step 2 of BTS asthma management

A

SABA PRN, Regular inhaled steroids

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19
Q

Step 3 of BTS asthma management

A

SABA PRN, Regular inhaled LABA and steroid

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20
Q

Step 4 of BTS asthma management

A

Increased steroid dose, add Leukotreine receptor antagonist OR Theophylline

21
Q

Step 5 of BTS asthma management

A

Add oral prednisolone

22
Q

Risk factors for an asthma exacerbation

A

Exercise, Infection, Smoke, NSAIDs, Beta-blockers, Cold air

23
Q

Signs of an asthma exacerbation

A

Tachypnoea, Hyperinflation, Hyperresonance, Accessory muscle use, Tachycardia, Hypotension

24
Q

Investigations for asthma exacerbation

A

Bloods: FBC, U+Es, CRP, Culture

PEFR, Sputum culture, ABG, CXR

25
Q

Classification of an asthma exacerbation with PEFR of >75%

26
Q

Classification of an asthma exacerbation with PEFR of 50-75%

27
Q

Classification of an asthma exacerbation with PEFR of PEFR 33-50%

28
Q

Classification of an asthma exacerbation with PEFR of

A

Life threatening

29
Q

Features of severe asthma exacerbation

A

Resp rate > 25, Heart rate > 110, PEFR 33-50%

30
Q

Features of life threatening asthma

A

Cyanosis, Bradycardia, Hypotension, O2 sats

31
Q

Feature of near fatal asthma

A

Hypercapnia

32
Q

Management of a moderate asthma exacerbation

A

Back to back salbutamol nebs, Oral prednisolone

33
Q

Management of a severe asthma exacerbation

A

Salbutamol nebs and ipatropium bromide nebs, Hydrocortisone IV

34
Q

Management of a life threatening asthma exacerbation

A

IV salbutamol, IV aminophylline, ITU referral

35
Q

Discharge criteria post asthma exacerbation

A

Off regular nebs for 24hrs, PEFR >75%

36
Q

Discharge management for a patient post asthma exacerbation

A

Asthma nurse review inhaler technique, GP follow up in 2 weeks, 5 day course of oral steroids

37
Q

Causes of bronchiectasis

A

Cystic fibrosis, Pneumonia, Measles, Pertussis, TB, HIV, Foreign body, Tumours, Idiopathic

38
Q

Symptoms of bronchiestasis

A

Productive cough, Hallitosis, Haemoptysis

39
Q

Signs of bronchiectasis

A

Wheeze, Clubbing, Inspiratory crepitations

40
Q

Investigations for bronchiectasis

A

Sputum culture, CXR, CT thorax, Bronchoscopy, Spirometry, CF sweat test

41
Q

CXR findings in bronchiectasis

A

Fibrotic changes, Thickened bronchial outline

42
Q

CT finding in bronchiectasis

A

Signet ring sign

43
Q

Long term management of bronciectasis

A

Conservative: Physiotherapy
Medical: Bronchodilators, Steroids, Antibiotic prophylaxis
Surgical: Lobectomy

44
Q

Management of an acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis

A

Conservative: Oxygen
Medical: Bronchodilators, Steroids
Surgical: BiPAP

45
Q

Factors lowering the threshold for anaphylaxis

A

NSAIDs, Alcohol, Cocaine, Beta-blockers, Tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors

46
Q

Symptoms of anaphylaxis

A

SoB, Abdominal pain, Diarrhoea, Vomiting, Itching, Angioedema

47
Q

Signs of anaphylaxis

A

Erythema, Inspiratory wheeze, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Cyanosis

48
Q

Management of anaphylaxis

A

Conservative: Lie flat, Remove trigger, IV fluids
Medical: Oxygen, Salbutamol and adrenaline nebs, IM adrenaline, IV hydrocortisone, IV chloropheninamine

Respiratory medicine (4 decks)

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