Lung cancer, smoking related, COVID-19 & interstitial lung disease Flashcards
risk factors
- Male:female5:1
- Tobacco
- Alcohol
- HPV
- Hygiene
- Repeatedtrauma
COPD
– Emphysema
– Chronic bronchitis Pharmacogenomics and
Inter-individual susceptibility eg AAT, CYP1A1, GSTM1, mEPH
• Passive smoking
• E-cigarettes and heat not
burn products
• Vitamin E acetate
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
This is an interstitial lung disease which is also known as extrinsic allergic alveoli’s
– Type III and IV
– Bird fancier
– Farmer’s lung
• Sarcoidosis
another interstitial lung disease – Cell mediated – US black>white – Granulomas – Hilar lymphadenopathy – Raised angiotensin converting enzyme
• Idiopathicpulmonary fibrosis (UIP)
interstitial lung disease – Post viral? – Other systemic disease – Part of a spectrum? – Honeycomb lung
benign lung tumour
Mesenchymoma
• Papilloma
• Inflammatory myoblastic tumour
Primary malignant
• Epithelium – importance of metaplasia & dysplasia • Vessels • Muscle • Cartilage • Lymphoid • Pleura
Secondary malignant
- Sarcoma
- Renalcarcinoma
- Lymphoma
- andmanymore
Primary epithelial
- Squamous
- Adeno
- Smallcell undifferentiated
- Carcinoid
- Largecell undifferentiated
how do you diagnose primary epithelial tumours
- diagnosis
- radiology - size change
- cytology
- EBUS
- Biopsy
do grade and stage TNM
Squamous (NSCLC) causes
Approx 40% Smoking Air pollution Asbestos Fibrosing lung disease TNM staging
Adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) causes
Approx 40% Smoking Lung scar
Air pollution Asbestos
Adenocarcinoma – bronchoalveolar (NSCLC)
Variant of adenocarcinoma
Pattern of spread - intrapulmonary dissemination
Small cell undifferentiated (SCLC)
- Neuroendocrine
- Paraneoplasticeffects May produce bioactive amines or peptides eg ADH, PTN-like peptides, ACTH.
- Neurological–eg demyelination
Carcinoid
- “Typical”-towardsless aggressive end of spectrum
* “Atypical”–smoking related, tends towards malignant end of spectrum
