Lung Cancer Flashcards
histological classifications of lung cancer
non-small cell
small cell
types of non-small cell lung cancer
squamous cell
adenocarcinoma
large cell
most common type of lung cancer
squamous cell carcinoma
features of squamous cell carcinoma
typically central
can release PTHrP – hypercalcaemia
associated with finger clubbing
features of adenocarcinoma
typically peripheral
most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers
features of large cell carcinoma
typically peripheral
poorly differentiated, poor prognosis
can secrete B-HCG
symptoms of lung cancer
SOB cough haemoptysis finger clubbing weight loss lymphadenopathy
first investigation for suspected lung cancer
Chest XRAY
histological diagnosis of lung cancer investigated with..?
bronchoscopy
what is a pancoast tumour
tumour in pulmonary apex pressing on sympathetic ganglion causing horners syndrome
- ptosis
- miosis
- anhidrosis
what tumour can cause hypercalcaemia
squamous cell carcinoma
what tumour can cause hyponatraemia
small cell carcinoma
- SIADH caused by ectopic secretion of ADH
what tumour can cause cushings syndrome
small cell carcinoma secreting ACTH
facial swelling, distended veins in head + neck, difficulty breathing
superior vena cava obstruction
- complication of lung cancer
Pembertons sign
raising hands above head causes facial congestion + cyanosis
- SVC obstruction
- medical emergency
what nerve palsys can occur as complications of lung cancer
recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
phrenic nerve palsy
presentation recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
hoarse voice
presentation phrenic palsy
SOB
what type of lung cancer can cause gynaecomastia
adenocarcinoma
what is hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
proliferative periostitis affecting long bones
- painful
- associated with squamous cell carcinoma
what cancer can cause Lambert eaton syndrome
small cell lung cancer
what is Lambert eaton syndrome
antibodies against voltage activated calcium channels
symptoms of Lambert eaton
proximal muscle weakness hyporeflexia slurred speech dysphasia dry mouth
what is a mesothelioma
cancer of mesothelial cells of the pleura
- linked to asbestosis
- poor prognosis
treatment of small cell lung cancer
chemo + radiotherapy
treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
surgery if disease in single area
radiotherapy
