Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4: Oncology > GI Malginancy > Flashcards

GI Malginancy Flashcards

1
Q

what pre-malignant change predisposes to oesophageal cancer

A

Barrets oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is Barrets oesophagus

A

constant reflux causes change of squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium
- premalignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of oesophageal cancer

A 
squamous cell (upper 2/3rds)
adenocarcinoma (lower 1/3rd)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Barrets oesophagus predisposes to which type of cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

risk factors for oesophageal cancer

A 
smoking
GORD
Barrets oesophagus
alcohol 
achalasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

most common presenting symptom of oesophageal cancer

A

dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

investigation of oesophageal cancer

A

upper GI endoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

management of oesophageal cancer

A

Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy if appropriate

chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

signet ring cells are associated with what cancer

A

gastric cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

virchows node indicates what type of cancer

A

gastric cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

presentation of gastric cancer

A

dyspepsia
nausea, vomiting
anorexia, weight loss
dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

investigation of gastric cancer

A

endoscopy + biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

treatment of gastric cancer

A

sub total gastrectomy if 5-10cm from OG junction

total gastrectomy if <5cm from OG junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

symptoms of colorectal cancer

A 
change in bowel habit -- more frequent + loose
weight loss
PR bleeding
tenesmus
iron deficiency anaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

genetic conditions that increase risk of colorectal cancer

A

familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAP)

hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are FAP and HNPCC inherited

A

autosomal dominant

17
Q

gene affected in FAP

A

APC gene chromosome 5

18
Q

gene affected HNPCC

A

MSH2

19
Q

Screening offered for colorectal cancer

A

faecal immunochemical testing (FIT)
- sent through post and sample tested for blood
given every 2 years to adults 50-74 years old

20
Q

investigation for colorectal cancer

A

colonoscopy

21
Q

tumour marker in colorectal cancer

A

CEA

22
Q

staging system for colorectal cancer

A 
Dukes Classification 
A - confined to bowel wall
B - extending through muscle of bowel wall
C - lymph node involvement 
D- metastatic disease
23
Q

right hemicolectomy

A

removal of tumours in caecum, ascending colon and proximal transverse colon

24
Q

left hemicolectomy

A

removal of tumours of distal transverse colon and descending colon

25
Q

sigmoid colectomy

A

removal of tumours of sigmoid colon

26
Q

anterior resection

A

removal of tumours of high rectum

27
Q

abdominoperitoneal resection

A

removal of rectum + anus

- permanent colostomy

28
Q

types of liver cancer

A 
hepatocellular carcinoma (80%)
cholangiocarcinoma (20%)
29
Q

main risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma

A

liver cirrhosis

30
Q

causes of liver cirrhosis that predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma

A

hep B + C
alcohol
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

31
Q

what condition is linked to cholangiocarcinoma

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

- RUQ pain, jaundice, fatigue

32
Q

tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma

A

alpha feto protein (AFP)

33
Q

presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma

A 
RUQ pain 
jaundice
ascites
pruritis
hepatomegaly
weight loss
34
Q

presentation of cholangiocarcinoma

A

painless jaundice (same as pancreatic cancer)

35
Q

investigation of hepatocellular carcinoma

A

USS + AFP blood test

36
Q

treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

A

resection of area of liver in early disease
transplant if confined to liver
kinase inhibitors to extend life e.g. sorafenib

37
Q

what virus are oropharyngeal cancers linked to

A

HPV

Year 4: Oncology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions