lung cancer Flashcards
definition of anaplastic tumour?
tumour cells which do not resemble the cells of origin, as they are so undifferentiated.
what is a poorly differentiated tumour?
the tumour cells only have little resemblance to the cells of origin, but still identifiable.
what are the differences between benign and malignant tumours?
a benign tumour grow by expansion but the malignant ones grow by expansion and infiltration.
the BT compress against the adjacent tissues , MT press and invade into adjacent tissue.
BT don’t spread to other sites but malignant tumours do.
what is an adenoma?
a benign tumour of the glandular epithelium
what is a papilloma?
a benign tumour of the squamous and transitional epithelium
what is a carcinoma?
a malignant tumour of the epithelium
if the tumour’s name has the suffix -oma what does it mean?
a benign tumour
if the tumour has the suffix- osarcoma what is it?
a malignant tumour
what do malignant tumours do?
expand, infiltrate, destroy and metastasize
what is the difference in appearance in benign tumours in solid organs vs endothelium.
solid organ; round and spherical and grows evenly in all directions.
endothelium; grows in whichever direction has least resistance and looks like an outgrowth
how does appearance of malignant tumours differ from benign tumours?
malignant tumours have an irregular outline with indistinct edges as the infiltrate other tissues, benign tumours have a distinct edge.
how can you tell at an early stage whether or not ht tumour is benign or malignant?
take a biopsy and a histological examination of the tumour sample
what type of differentiated are the benign tumour cancer cells usually?
usually well-differented.
whereas for MT there is a lot of variety.
what are some otological characteristics of malignancy?
nuclear and cellular pleomorphism (nuclei and cells grow in many difference shapes and sizes)
high nucleus:cytoplasm ratio
high mitotic count (how fast the cells are dividing)
abnormal mitoses
why do some malignant cells have very dark staining nuclei?
do to increase nuclear DNA present in the nuclei. this is called nuclear hperchromatism
