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lung cancer > breast and axilla > Flashcards

breast and axilla Flashcards

1
Q

where are the roots of the brachial plexus

A

brachial plexus-
spinal nerves C5-C8 & T1
and sometimes T2

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2
Q

which spinal nerves makes the different trunks?

A

C5 & C6 make the upper trunk
C7 makes the middle trunk
C8 and T1 make the lower trunk

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3
Q

what do the 3 trunks divide into?

A

each trunk divides into 2 divisions

an anterior and posterior division.

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4
Q

which divisions going together?

A

all the posterior divisions of each trunk join together to make the posterior cord
the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunk forms the lateral cord.
the anterior division of the lower trunk goes on its own to form the medial cord

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5
Q

how are the cords arranged and named?

A

the collections of the divisions form the cords. which are named in relation to the Axillary artery.
lateral, posterior and medial.

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6
Q

what does the posterior cord divide into?

A

the posterior cord divides into the axillary and radial branch.

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7
Q

order of the groups of the brachial plexus

A

roots, trunks, divisions, cords, Branches

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8
Q

what nerve branches does the posterior cord branch into?

and what do these nerve branches innervate?

A

axillary nerve- supplies axillary region

radial- supplies all muscles in the extensor region. (posterior of upper limb)

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9
Q

what does the lateral cord branch into and what does it innervate?

A

single nerve called the musclocutaneous (supplies 3 muscles and skin of the anterior compartment of the arm)

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10
Q

what does the medial cord branch into?

A

it forms the ulnar nerve which is a major nerve.

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11
Q

which cords does the medial nerve branch from?

A

from both the lateral and medial cords.

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12
Q

where does the lateral and medial pectoral nerve branch from?

A

the lateral pec. nerve branches from the lateral cord.

the medial pec. nerve arises from the medial cord.

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13
Q

where does the long thoracic nerve branch from?

A

from all C5-C8 and T1 and T2 at the root level

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14
Q

what are the borders of the apex of the axilla?

A

the apex forms a triangle.

posterior border of the clavicle, superior border of the scapula and the external border of the 1st rib.

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15
Q

what are the lateral borders of the axilla?

A

the coracobrachialis (long muscle off the shoulder joint), the humerus and the bicep brachii

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16
Q

what are the medial side borders of the axilla?

A

the first 4 ribs with muscles and part of the serratus anterior.

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17
Q

what is the anterior wall made from of the axilla?

A

the pec. major and minor muscles

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18
Q

what is the posterior wall made from of the axilla?

A

the subscapularis muscle (under the scapula) teres major and the latissimus dorsi

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19
Q

what is the base of the axilla made of?

A

fascia, forms a triangle

20
Q

what are the 2 heads of the bicep attaching onto?

A

the coracoid process (short head)

the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head)

21
Q

around which muscle does the 3 cords emerge from?

A

the edge of pectorals minor

22
Q

which area does the median and ulnar nerve innervate?

A

the median nerve and ulnar nerve only supplies things below the elbow

23
Q

what 3 things comes of the coracoid process?

A

the moraco-brachialis muscle, the pec minor head and the short head of the bicep

24
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

the supraspinatus
the infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

25
Q

what is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

they keep the ball of the humerus in the shoulder socket

26
Q

what divisions are in the lateral cord?

A

the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks.

27
Q

what divisions are in the posterior cord?

A

the posterior divisions of all the trunks

28
Q

what divisions are in the medial cord?

A

the anterior division of the lower trunk

29
Q

where is the glenoid cavity?

A

where the shoulder socket articulates with the head of the humerus.

30
Q

what is the glenoid labrum?

A

the fibrocartilagenous rim around the glenoid cavity

31
Q

where is the infraglenoid tubercle?

A

on the lateral side of the scapula, inferior to the glenoid cavity.

32
Q

what is the function of the infraglenoid tubercle?

A

where the long head of the tricep brachii attaches to

33
Q

what does the axillary artery develop from?

A

from the subclavian artery right after the end of the 1st rib

34
Q

what are the borders of the 3 sections of the axillary artery?

A

1st segment - end of 1st rib to start of pec.minor
2nd segment - under the pec. minor muscle
3rd segment - end of pec. minor until the start of the brachial artery.
(the end of the 3rd segment of the axillary artery turns into the brachial artery)

35
Q

what is the branch coming off the 1st segment of the axillary artery?

A

the superior thoracic artery

36
Q

what are the 2 branches coming off the 2nd segment of the axillary artery?

A

the acromiothoracic artery and the lateral thoracic artery

37
Q

what are the 3 branches coming off the 3rd segment of the axillary artery?

A

the subscapular artery,

the anterior circumflex humeral artery and the posterior circumflex humeral artery

38
Q

what are the 4 branches coming off the acromiothoracic artery?

A

pectoralis, clavicular, acromial and deltoid branches

39
Q

what does the first part of the axillary artery travel with?

A

the 1st part of the axillary artery, travels with the axillary vein.

40
Q

where does the axillary artery end and the brachial artery begin?

A

at the inferior border of the teres major muscle.

41
Q

where does the clavicle attach to the scapula?

A

at the acromion, forming the acromio-clavicular joint

42
Q

where is the suraglenoid tubercle?

A

above the glenoid cavity/fossa. tendons are attached to both the supra and infra glenoid tubercles.

43
Q

what are the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa?

A

the spaces above and below the spine of the scapula

44
Q

why do you need the glenoid labrum on the glenoid fossa?

A

to make the shoulder socket wider and deeper.

45
Q

what joins the acromion and the coracoid process of the scapula?

A

the coraco-acromial ligament. provides protection for the upper part of the ligament ,

46
Q

what two ligaments fix the underside of the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula?

A

the trapezoid ligament infront and the conoid behind

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