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Resp > Lung cancer > Flashcards

Lung cancer Flashcards

1
Q

How common is lung cancer?

A

3rd most common cancer

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2
Q

What is paraneoplastic syndrome?

A
  • Non metatstatic systemic effects that accompany malignant disease
  • clubbing, weight loss, weakness, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia
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3
Q

Most common lung cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma - 35%

then squamous, small cell, large cell

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4
Q

What is the worst type of lung cancer?

A

Small cell

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5
Q

What hormones do squamous cancers produce?

A

PTH

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6
Q

What hormones do small cell cancers produce?

A

ACTH

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7
Q

What are the oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes associated with small cell?

A
  • Oncogenes – myc

- Tumour Suppressor Genes – p53, Rb, 3p

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8
Q

What are the oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes associated with non small cell lung cancer?

A
  • Oncogenes – myc, K-ras, her2(neu)

- Tumour suppressor genes – p53, 1q, 3p, 9p, 11p, Rb

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9
Q

How is lung cancer staged?

A

TNM

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10
Q

What does TNM stand for?

A

Tumour (size), nodes metastasis

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11
Q

What are the ways of investigating lung cancer?

A

Bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, ct scan, pet scan (mets)

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12
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The space between the 2 lungs in the chest cavity

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13
Q

What are the 2 layers of pleura?

A

Visceral and parietal

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14
Q

What is a pleural effusion

A

water on the lungs

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of pleural effusion?

A

transudate and exudate

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16
Q

What is a transudate pleural effusion?

A

<30g/l - low proteins and lipids in solution

17
Q

What is exudate pleural effusion?

A

Due to inflammation >30g/l. High in protein and lipids

18
Q

What is mesothelioma?

A

uncommon malignant tumour - in lining of lung. due to asbestos exposure

19
Q

What are the symptoms of mesothelioma

A

breathlessness, chest pain, wt loss, fever, sweat, cough

20
Q

What are the 4 treatments for lung cancer?

A

Surgery, Chemo, Radiotherapy, Palliative

21
Q

When can surgery be used in relation to lung cancer

A

When the tumor is localised

22
Q

When can chemo be used in relation to lung cancer

A

Better for small cell.

23
Q

Whats bad about chemo for the patient?

A

Side effects = hair loss, pulm fibrosis, tiredness, nausea, bone marrow suppression (anemia + infection)

24
Q

When can radiotherapy be used in relation to lung cancer

A

Non small cell cancer

25
Q

When can palliative care be used in relation to lung cancer

A

When the patient is gonna die.

Make them feel more comfortable.

26
Q

How many ml of fluid is in the pleural cavity?

A

4ml

Resp (6 decks)

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