Lung Cancer Flashcards
What are the two types of lung Neoplasms?
- Primary (can be malignant or benign)
- Metastatic
Risk factors for lung cancer
- Tobacco smoke
What are some local effects of Lung cancer?
obstruction of airway (pneumonia)
invasion of chest wall (pain)
ulceration (haemoptysis)
Where does metastases of the lung cancer usually happen?
nodes
bones
liver
brain
Systematic effects of lung cancer
weight loss
“ectopic” hormone production
What is ‘ectopic’ hormone production?
Producing hormones that aren’t native to the organs that they are found in e.g.. PTH and ACTH
4 most common smoking-associated lung cancers
adenocarcinoma
squamous carcinoma
small cell carcinoma
large cell carcinoma
Most common type of smoking related lung cancer?
adenocarcinoma
What is used in the histological diagnosis of lung cancer?
- Bronchoscopy and biopsy of the tumour if seen
- Biopsy or needle aspiration of metastases (especially mediastinal or supraclavicular lymph nodes)
- Endobronchial ultrasound guided specimens (EBUS)
Which type of lung cancer has the shortest survival time?
Small cell carcinoma
Simplest classification of lung cancers?
Small cell and non-small cell
True/false, Small cell lung cancer is chemosensitive but with rapidly emerging resistance
True
What is the treatment of choice in non-small cell lung cancers?
surgery
How can immunohistochemistry in NSCLC be used to identify which kind of tumour it is?
Different types of cancer express different proteins so using antibodies to stain certain proteins can help identify which cancer it is
