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MedSurgExam1 > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

facts about Lung cancer

A
  • leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US
  • 28% of all cancer deaths
  • 58% mens
  • African Americans have highest death rate
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2
Q

Lung cancer on Men

A

have a worse prognosis than women

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3
Q

Lung cancer on Women

A
  • Develop lung cancer after fewer years of smoking.
  • develop lung cancer at a younger age than men
  • are more likely to develop small cell carcinoma than men
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4
Q

Most important Risk Factor of Lung Cancer

A

-Cigarette smoking=80-90% of all lung cancer
-inhaled carcinogens=exposure to 1 or more of the ff. or air pollution=significantly higher risk for lung cancer.
Asbestos
Radon
Nickel
Iron
Hydrocarbons
Arsenic
Air pollution

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5
Q

pathophysiology of Lung Cancer

A
  • is not well understood
  • arises from Bronchial epithelial cells(bronchogenic)
  • cells grows slowly
  • upper lobes of the lungs more common
  • hypersecretion of mucus
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6
Q

Types of Primary Lung Cancer

A
  • Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
  • Squamos Cell carcinoma
  • Large Cell (undifferentiated Carcinoma)
  • Small cell Lung Cancer
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7
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Lung Cancer

A 
-Asymptomatic=discovers during routine X-rays approximately 10%
Manifestation depends:
=type of primary lung cancer
=Location of the Cancer
=Metastatic Spread
  • Persistent cough(productive and Hemoptysis)
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8
Q

Later Symptoms of Lung Cancer

A 
Anorexia
Fatigue
Weight loss
Nausea & vomiting
Hoarseness
Dysphagia
Mediastinal involvement-> pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, dysrythmias
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9
Q

Diagnostics Studies of Lung Cancer

A

Chest X-rays- to identify mass or infiltrate
CT scan- single & most effective NON INVASIVE technique=>CT of the brain and bone scans complete evaluation for metastasis
MRI - instead of CT scan
PET scan(Positron Emission Tomography)
Sputum Cytology- identify malignant cell
*BIOPSY IS NECESSARY FOR DEFINITE DIAGNOSIS- Fine needle Aspiration and Video assisted Thorascopy (VAT)

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10
Q

Lung Cancer Staging

A

Stage 0—–Cancer in Situ
Stage 1—–Tumor limited to tissue origin
Stage 2—–Limited local spread
Stage 3—–Extensive local and regional spread
Stage 4—–Metastasis

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11
Q

prevention of Lung Cancer

A
  • early screening for lung cancer

- smoking cessation

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12
Q

Treatment of Lung Cancer

A

SURGICAL THERAPY- 5 yr survival rate, stage2 40-60% 5yr survival rate
-Pneumonectomy(removal of entire lungs)
-Lobectomy(removal on 1 or more lobes)
-Lung Resection( segment or wedges removed)conserves lungs.
RADIATION THERAPY- done when pt. unable to withstand surgical resection due to co-morbidities
CHEMOTHERAPY- used in treatment on nonresectable tumors
-considered standard treatment
Etoposide(VePesid)
Carboplatin(Paraplatin)
Cisplatin(Platinol)
Paclitaxel(Taxol)

Complications: extremely toxic & debilitating

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13
Q

other Treatment/Therapy for Lung Cancer

A

Biologic and Targeted Therapy

  • uses drug specifically targeting stages/areas of tumor growth
  • fewer toxicities than with chemotherapy

Prophylactic Cranial Radiation: CAN get cells chemotherapy cannot( passes blood-brain barrios)

Bronchoscopic Laser Therapy: removes obstructive bronchial lesions.

Photodynamic Therapy: Exposes tumor to laser light for a period of time, destroying tumor cells.

Cryotherapy: tissue destroyed by freezing

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14
Q

Nursing management: Lung cancer POST OPERATIVE

A
  • Post-operative Care
  • Respiratory status
  • Pain management
  • Chest Tube Management
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15
Q

Nursing management: Lung cancer CHEMOTHERAPY

A

Kidney function

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16
Q

Nursing management: Lung cancer RADIATION

A
  • Swallowing
  • Mouth care
  • Skin integrity
17
Q

Nursing Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

A
  • Ineffective airway clearance r/t increase secretions, presence of tumor.
  • Anxiety r/t lack of knowledge of diagnosis, prognosis and treatments
  • Acute Pain r/t pressure of the tumor on surrounding structures and erosion of tissue.
  • Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requires r/t increase metabolic demands, increased secretions, weakness, anorexia.
18
Q

Nursing Implementation of Lung Cancer: Planning

A
  • Effective Breathing pattern
  • Adequate airway clearance
  • Minimal oxygenation of tissue
  • Minimal or no pain
  • Realistic attitude toward treatment and prognosis.

MedSurgExam1 (6 decks)

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