Lung Cancer Flashcards
0
Q
Lung Cancer
-Risk Factors
A
- Age >50 yrs
- Genetics
- Cigarette smoking tied to LC 80% of the time
- Exposure to ionizing radiation and inhaled irritants (asbestos)
- Radon (accumulates in closed spaces)
1
Q
Lung Cancer
-Statistics
A
- Leading cause of cancer death in US
2. All races affected equally
2
Q
Lung Cancer
-Primary Goal
A
- Prevention of the disease must be a primary goal for all health care providers
3
Q
Lung Cancer
-Diagnostics
A
- Chest X-ray
- Sputum Specimen
- Bronchoscopy
- CT
- CBC, LFT’s TB, Pulmonary function tests & ABG’s
4
Q
Lung Cancer
-Arise from Where?
A
- Bronchogenic carcinomas account for 90% of primary lung cancers
5
Q
Lung Cancer Cell Types
-Small-cell (Oat Cell) Carcinoma
A
- 20-25% of all lung cancers
- Central lesion w/ hilar mass common
- SIADH, Cushing’s syndrome, thrombophlebitis - Aggressive Tumor
- Greater than 40% of clients have distant metastasis at time of presentation
6
Q
Lung Cancer Cell Types
-Adenocarcinoma
A
- 20-40% of all lung cancers
- Peripheral mass involving bronchi
- few local symptoms
- hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy - Early metastasis to CNS, skeleton, and adrenal glands
7
Q
Lung Cancer Cell Types
-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A
- 30-32% of all lung cancers
- Central lesion located in large bronchi
- client presents w/ cough, dyspnea, atelectasis, and wheezing
- hypercalcemia common - Spreads by local invasion
8
Q
Lung Cancer Cell Types
-Large-Cell Carcinoma
A
- 10-15% of all lung cancers
- Usually peripheral lesion that is larger than associated w/ adenocarcinoma
- Tends to cavitate; gynecomastia, thrombophlebetis - Early Metastasis
9
Q
Lung Cancer
-Primary Choice for Treatment
A
- Chemotherapy
10
Q
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
A
- Complication of lung cancer
- Results from pressure placed on the vena cava by a tumor
- It is a Medical Emergency
11
Q
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
-Early Signs
A
- Edema in the face & neck and peripherally
- Nosebleeds
- Dyspnea
12
Q
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
-Late Signs
A
- Mental status changes
- Cyanosis
- Hemorrhage
- Hypotension
13
Q
Multi-system Effects of Lung Cancer
-Respiratory
A
- Cough
- Hemoptysis
- Wheezing and dyspnea
- Chest pain, dull or pleuritic
- Hoarseness and dysphagia
- Pleural Effusion
14
Q
Multi-system Effects of Lung Cancer
-Cardiovascular
A
- Compression of the superior vena cava