Cancer Flashcards
Benign Neoplasms
-Characteristics
- Local, cohesive
- Well-defined borders
- Pushes other tissues out of the way
- Slow growing and encapsulated
- Easily removed and does not recur
Alteration in Cellular Regulation
- Any cell function that doesn’t do or over does a function
Malignant Neoplasms
-Characteristics
- Invasive & noncohesive
- Does not stop at tissue border
- Invades and destroys surrounding tissues
- Rapid growth
- Metastasizes to distant sites
- Not easily removed and can recur
Cancers Associated W/ Different Viruses
-Herpes Simples I&II
- Carcinoma of the lip
- Cervical Carcinoma
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
Cancers Associated W/ Different Viruses
-Hepatitis B
- Primary hepatocellular cancer
Cancers Associated W/ Different Viruses
-Human Cytomegalovirus
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
2. Prostate cancer
Cancers Associated W/ Different Viruses
-Papillomavirus
- Malignant melanoma
2. Cervical, penil, and laryngeal cancers
Cancers Associated W/ Different Viruses
-Epstein-Barr Virus
- Burkett’s lymphoma
Cancers Associated W/ Different Viruses
-Human T-lymphotropic Viruses
- Adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma
- T-Cell variant or hairy-cell leukemia
- Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome
- Unexplained rapid weight loss is the first symptom that brings the client to a HCP.
- Specific to cancer because of cancers effect on the host metabolism
TNM Classification
- T = Tumor size, depth of invasion, and surface spread
- N = Indicates the presence & extent of lymph node involvement
- M = Denotes presence or absence of distant metastasis
Sentinel Node
- Is the lymph node closest to the tumor
2. If tumor is in the sentinel node, it is likely that metastasis has occurred`.
Specific Tumor Markers
-Breast Cancer
- CA 15-3
Specific Tumor Markers
-Ovarian Cancer
- CA 125
Specific Tumor Markers
-Prostate Cancer
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Cancer Screening Guidelines for Asymptomatic People
-Breast Cancer **TEST
- Monthly breast self-exam beginning at menses
- Clinical Breast exam every 3 years from 20-40 yrs old & annually starting at age 40
- Mammogram annually (or every 3 yrs) beginning at 40 UNLESS a first degree relative is positive
Cancer Screening Guidelines for Asymptomatic People
-Cervical & Uterine Cancer
- Pap smear starts with Sexual Inter-coarse or age 21.
Cancer Screening Guidelines for Asymptomatic People
-Prostate Cancer
- PSA and digital rectal exam annually beginning at age 50 for men who have at least a 10-year life expectancy
- Start younger in men w/ increased risk factors
Signs of Good Nutritional Status
- Skin has a healthy glow
- Pt is alert and energetic
- Clear, bright eyes / pink-red oral mucosa
- Flat firm abdomen
- well developed muscles & good attention span
Factors to Assess for Hydration Status
- I&O & rapid weight changes
- Skin turgor and moistures
- Venous filling and vital sign changes (BP is a late sign)
- Eyeball softness
- Lung sounds and Lab values
When To Call For Help (NOT Emergency)
-Pt Education
- Pg 137
