Lung cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Risk factors
A
Smoking Second hand smoke Old age >75yo Air pollution Radon Occupation health hazards e.g. asbestos Family history
2
Q
Presentation
A
Persistent dry Cough>3 weeks Haemoptysis SOB - worse on exertion Chest pain - worse during cough or deep breathing Recurrent infection Clubbing Lymphadenopathy (cervical)
3
Q
Non resp related features of lung cancer
A
Fatigue weight loss Appetite loss Fever Thrombocytosis (high platelet level) Bone pain Dysphagia Hoarseness
4
Q
First investigation with suspected lung cancer
A
CXR
5
Q
What is CT scan useful for
A
Staging: size, lymph and distant spread
6
Q
What is a bronchoscopy used for
A
Histology
7
Q
Types of lung cancer
A
- ->Small cell (Most likely to cause SIADH which is a tumour secreting adh)
- ->Non-small cell:
- Squamous (smoking)
- Adenocarcinoma (non-smokers and asbestos)
- Rarer: Large cell, carcinoid, bronchoalveolar
8
Q
Features of small cell cancer
A
Grows and spreads quickly
Rare in non-smokers
Paraneoplastic syndromes e.g. SIADH
9
Q
Features of squamous cell cancer
A
Strongly associated with smoking
Cavitating lesions
10
Q
Features of adenocarcinoma
A
Most common lung cancer in non-smokers
Associated with asbestos exposure
11
Q
Local complications
A
SVC obstruction
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
Horner syndrome
12
Q
Dustant metastasis sites of lung cancer
A
Brain, bone, liver and adrenal glands
13
Q
prognosis
A
Stage dependent
5% at 10 years
