Lumbar Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false; lumbar vertebrae can make blood

A

True apparently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the orientation of the lumbar facets?

A

90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which plane are the facets oriented in?

A

L1-L5: Sagital
L5-S1: Coronal

**unless theres facet trophism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the promontory inclination angle?

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the angle of the L5-S1 disc?

A

Wedge shaped 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the angle of the sacral inclination?

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the lumbosacral slippage safe guards?

A

◼ Facet orientation
◼ Disc shape
◼ Iliolumbar Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

◼ Anterior bodies/discs
◼ Restrains extension
◼ Occiput to sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

◼ Posterior bodies/discs
◼ Restrains flexion
◼ C2 to sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

◼ Spinous processes
◼ C7 to L3-4
◼ Restrains flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

◼ Spinous processes
◼ C7 to L3-4
◼ Restrains flexion
◼ Anchors T-L fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which ligament anchors to the thoracolumbar fascia and helps to restrain flexion?

A

Interspinous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A
◼ C2 to sacrum along
posterior canal 
◼ 80% Elastin “yellow” 
◼ Assists regaining
upright position 
◼ Attaches to facet
anteromedially and
prevents impingement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Iliolumbar ligament

A
◼ TP’s of L4 and L5 to
postero-superior Ilium 
◼ Portion of QL ‘til 20’s 
◼ Prevents L4 and L5
contra-lateral rotation 
◼ Prevents ilial rotation posteriorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the deep unisegmental muscles of the lumbar spine?

A
  • Rotatores brevis
  • Intertranversarii
  • Interspinalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the deep polysegmental muscles of the lumbar spine?

A
  • Rotatores longus

* Multifidi (Force Closure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which lateral border does the transversus abdominous attach to?

A

Lateral raphe

Middle layer of thoracolumbar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

___________ is the ability to produce force, whereas ___________ is the act of controlling force. Core training will lay the foundation for strength, power, speed and agility training. The core is the ‘powerhouse’ of the body.

A

Strength

stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who’s idea was the spinal stability triad?

A

Punjabi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who came up with form and force closure?

A

Vleeming and Lee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are Panjabi’s 3 components of spinal stability?

A

Passive system/ spinal column
Active system/ spinal muscles
Control system/ CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is form closure?

A

Stable situation with

bony congruency where no additional forces are required to maintain the systems state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is force closure?

A

The additional,

active support provided to the bony congruency by the surrounding muscles.

25
What were Richardson et al's classification of muscles?
Local muscles : intersegmental stabilizers | Global muscles: multi-segmental movers/ powerhouse
26
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: intertransversarii
Stabilizer
27
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: interspinals
Stabilizer
28
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: multifidus
Stabilizer
29
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: longissimus/ iliocostalis pars lumborum
Stabilizer
30
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: medial fibers of QL
Stabilizer
31
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: transversus abdominis
Stabilizer
32
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: internal obliques (T-LF)
Stabilizer
33
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: longissimus/ iliocostalis pars thoracis
Mover
34
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: lateral fibers of QL
Mover
35
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: rectus abdominis
Mover
36
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: external obliques
Mover
37
Is it a stabilizer or a mover: internal obliques
Mover
38
Characteristics of stabilizing muscles
⦿ Cross one to three segments ⦿ Deep, close to joint ⦿ Attachment to non-contractile structures ⦿ Often pennate (wing-shaped) ⦿ Tonic, anti-gravity muscles ⦿ Short length ⦿ Designed to increase joint stiffness (not really stiffness but stability)
39
What are the four components of the inner support unit?
⦿ Transversus Abdominis ⦿ Lumbar Multifidus ⦿ Respiratory Diaphragm ⦿ Pelvic Diaphragm
40
By increasing intra-abdominal pressure, the diaphragm is pushed up and the pelvic floor is pushed down. This tends to _____________, thereby ___________________
Elongate the lumbar spine Taking weight off the discs and posterior joints
41
In terms of the outer support unit, who's partner is the right gluteus Maximus ?
Left latissimus dorsi
42
In terms of the outer support unit, who's partner is the left latissimus dorsi?
Right gluteus Maximus
43
In terms of the outer support unit, who's partner is the left external obliques?
Right adductors
44
In terms of the outer support unit, who's partner is the right gluteus medius?
Right adductors
45
In terms of the outer support unit, who's partner are the adductors?
External obliques AND Glute Medius
46
In terms of the outer support unit, who is attached to the thoracolumbar fascia?
Glute max and lats
47
In terms of the outer support unit, who is attached to the anterior, lower abdominal fascia?
Obliques and adductors
48
____________ of a motion segment is undermined by a deficit in normal inter-segmental stability.
Form closure
49
The articular/neuromuscular deficits which develop secondary to lumbar spine pathology may account for...
LBP and/or lower extremity symptoms.
50
What are the components of biomechanical Rx model?
1. Mobilize/manipulate segmental hypomobility. 2. Stabilize clinical segmental instability as follows: a. Attain neutral spinal position. b. Activate the local segmental muscles of core stability (i.e., TA and Multifidus) c. Motor control of the pelvic floor, especially the pubococcygeus). 3. Strengthen the multi-segmental, spinal muscles.
51
Where is the greatest source of dysfunction in the spine?
Where ever the curves reverse
52
How many lumbar nerves are there?
5
53
True or false; you can diagnose a motion loss with static palpation
False
54
_ _ _ gets worse with extension
FRS
55
_ _ _ gets worse with flexion
ERS
56
Which muscles are the most common culprits for myofascial dysfunction associated with a type 1 dysfunction in the lumbar spine?
Intermediate iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles
57
Always confirm the diagnosis of an ERS in a _______ position
Flexed
58
Always confirm a diagnosis of an FRS in an ________ position
Extended