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Spinal Exam 2 > Lumbar Spine > Flashcards

Lumbar Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Which segments of the spine are more prone to variation in morphology

A

L1 and L5

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2
Q

What parts of the vertebra may be used to distinguish L1-L4 from L5

A

vertebral body, pedicle, articular process, transverse process, spinous process

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3
Q

What is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view

A

reniform or kidney shaped

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4
Q

What would be the direction of the lumbar curve based on osseous features

A

anterior lordotic

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5
Q

what accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve

A

the vertebral body height and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

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6
Q

What is the effect of agin on the vertebral body of the lumbar spine

A

decrease in height, increase in circumference

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7
Q

how many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body

A

4

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8
Q

how many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar

A

6

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9
Q

how many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical lumbar vertebral body

A

none

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10
Q

How many cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint surfaces are on a typical lumbar vertebral body

A

two

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11
Q

What muscles attach to the first lumbar vertebral body

A

psoas major and psoas minor

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12
Q

What muscles may attach from the second down to the fourth lumbar vertebral body

A

psoas major

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13
Q

Psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments

A

T12, L1

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14
Q

What is the name given to ligaments that attach the vertebral body to articular process

A

transforaminal ligaments

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15
Q

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process

A

corporotransverse ligaments

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16
Q

what corporotransverse ligaments are identified

A

superior corporotransverse and inferior corporotransverse ligaments

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17
Q

What are the types of hofmann ligaments

A

hofmann ligaments, posterior hofmann ligaments, lateral hofmann ligaments, and proximal hofmann ligaments

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18
Q

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column

A

cervical-upper thoracics region and lumbar region

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19
Q

cervical - upper thoracic hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

A

dura mater to segments above

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20
Q

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments

A

C6

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21
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical-upper thoracic hofmann ligaments

A

resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

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22
Q

lumbar hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together

A

dura mater to lower segmental levels

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23
Q

What is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments

A

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

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24
Q

What is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligament

A

resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen

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25
Q

What is the orientation of the pedicle of a typical lumbar vertebrae

A

posterior

26
Q

the pedicle attaches at what location on vertebral body of a typical lumbar

A

to the upper third or half of the vertebral body

27
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical lumbar

A

ligamentum flavum

28
Q

what joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum attachment

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

29
Q

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region

A

overlap of the laminae, shingling, diminishes;

overlap of spinous processes, imbrication, diminishes

30
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra

A

triangular

31
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical lumbars

A

transverse

32
Q

how does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine

A

cervicals have the greatest size
lumbars next
thoracics are the smallest

33
Q

What part of the central nervous system is present in the lumbar spine

A

the conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1

34
Q

What part of the peripheral nerve system is present in the lumbar spine

A

the cauda equina is typically present in the vertebral foramina of L2-L4

35
Q

Beginning with the L1 transverse process, what is the generic direction and relative length of each succeeding lumbar transverse process

A

each transverse process is directed straight lateral and increases in length from L1-L3

36
Q

what is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process

A

accessory process

37
Q

a styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition

A

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

38
Q

What ligaments will attach to the lumbar accessory process

A

mammilo-accessory ligament

39
Q

What parts of the vertebrae are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

the mammillary process and the accessory process of the same segment

40
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

41
Q

What muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process

A

longissimus thoracis, and intertransversarii

42
Q

what muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra

A

psoas major, quadratus lumborum, longissimus thoracis

rotator brevis, rotator longus, and intertransversarii

43
Q

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra

A

the lumbocostal, mammillo-accessory and intertransverse ligaments

44
Q

what joint classifications are present at the transverse process of a typical lumbar

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

45
Q

What are the posterior elements of the vertebrae

A

zygapophysis, lamina and spinous process

46
Q

what are the anterior elements of the vertebrae

A

vertebral body and pedicle

47
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet

A

BUM backward upward and medial

48
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet

A

FoLD forward lateral and down

49
Q

what muscles will attach to the mammillary process

A

multifidis and intertransversarii

50
Q

what ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process

A

mammillo-accessory ligament

51
Q

what was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

52
Q

What additional ligaments are said to attach to lumbar articular processes

A

transforaminal ligaments

53
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical lumbar zygapophysis

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

54
Q

how many synovial joints are present on a typical lumbar vertebra

A

four

55
Q

what is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane

56
Q

what is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults

A

the zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane for L1/L2, L2/L3, L3/L4
the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1

57
Q

What name is given to zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane

A

joint symmetry

58
Q

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or postition and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position

A

joint asymmetry or joint torpism

59
Q

define or describe joint tropism

A

the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position

60
Q

what is the name of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process

A

Basstrups syndrome or kissing spines

61
Q

what muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process

A

latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum
longissimus thoracis, spinalis thoracis, multifidis
rotator longus, rotator brevis and interspinalis

Spinal Exam 2 (21 decks)

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