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Spinal Exam 2 > Atypical Cervical Vertebrae C1/Atlas > Flashcards

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae C1/Atlas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra

A

atlas

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2
Q

What features are lacking on C1 (atlas)

A

vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process, and the intervertebral disc

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3
Q

What muscles attach to the anterior arch of C1

A

Longus colli

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4
Q

What ligaments attach to the anterior arch of C1

A

anterior longitudinal ligament, anterior antlato-occipital, and the anterior atlantal-axial ligaments

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5
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1

A

the fovea dentis

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6
Q

What is the morpology of the superior articular facet of C1

A

they are elliptical, closer together in the front and often demonstrate an elvation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

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7
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1

A

backward up and medial, BUM

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8
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal Joint

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9
Q

What are the morphologial characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

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10
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

BMD backward medial and down

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11
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygapophysis

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

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12
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1

A

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

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13
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1

A

Levator scapula, splenius cervicis and rectus capitus anterior

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14
Q

What is the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference of C1

A

about 40%

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15
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process

A

posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

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16
Q

What is the sdistance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

A

males: about 50 millimeters
females: about 37 millimeters

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17
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

A

rectus capitus posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

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18
Q

What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present

A

groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

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19
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1

A

the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

20
Q

ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital-ligament results in which atypical bone classification

A

accessory bone

21
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed

A

about 7 years old

22
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occiptal ligament

A

a partial ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

23
Q

What other name may be used to describe a ponticulus posticus

A

kimmerle’s anomaly

24
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

A

arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

25
Q

ponticulus posticus has been observed in what ethnic populations

A

all ethnic populations studied thus far

26
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied

A

1-41%

27
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus

A

female

28
Q

What is the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus versus an incomplete ponticulus posticus

A

the incidence of a complete is about 15%

the incidence of an incomplete can be as high as 41%

29
Q

What joint classification(s) may be observed on the posterior arch of C1

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

30
Q

What is the location of the “zygapophysis” relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial intervertebral foramina

A

it forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

31
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

A

costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

32
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1

A

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

33
Q

What muscles attach to the Transverse process of C1 (a lot)

A

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquuis capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, and intertransversarii muscle

34
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, and obliquus capitis inferior

35
Q

What are the connecutions between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called

A

myodural bridges

36
Q

What are the lateral bridges of the atlas connected to

A

the lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

37
Q

what opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed

A

the retrotransverse foramen

38
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen

A

the vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve, and veins communicating with the venous sinus of the neck

39
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is most numerous

A

ponticulus posticus

40
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only identified in humans

A

lateral bridges

41
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

42
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1

A

Male: 78 mm

females 72 mm

43
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender

A

a little over 30 mm for both male and females

44
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C1

A 
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint, 
synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint,
synovial piviot (diarthrosis trochoid)
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
45
Q

how many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1

A

5

Spinal Exam 2 (21 decks)

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