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Gross Anatomy Unit 2 > Lumbar and lumbosacral plexi > Flashcards

Lumbar and lumbosacral plexi Flashcards

1
Q

lumbar plexus is formed by…

A

the ventral rami of spinal nerves L1-L4

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2
Q

Cut. distribution of the lumbar plexus?

A

includes the skin of the lower abdomen, anterior, medial, and lateral thigh, and the medial side of the leg.

Also innervates the skin covering the root of the penis and ant scrotum in males and the skin over the mons pubis and ant portion of the labia majora in females

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3
Q

muscle innervation of the lumbar plexus?

A

muscles in the anterior and medial compartments of the thigh

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4
Q

lumbosacral/sacral plexus formed by…

A

the ventral rami of L4-S4

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5
Q

cut distribution of the sacral plexus

A

post thigh, all of the leg and foot, perineum

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6
Q

muscle innervation of the sacral plexus

A

musles of the gluteal region, perineum, post thigh (hamstrings), leg, and intrinsic muscles of the foot

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7
Q

Clunial nerves

A

latin for butt. nerves constitute the cut. distribution of the gluteal region

  1. superior cluneal nerves
  2. middle clunial nerves
  3. inferior cluneal nerves
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8
Q

superior cluneal nerves

A

derived from dorsal rami of L2 and 3. Supply the skin over the central and superior portion of this region

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9
Q

middle cluneal nerves

A

derived from dorsal rami of S2,3,4. supply the medial portion of the buttock

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10
Q

inferior cluneal nerves

A

branches from the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, which is a branch from the ventral rami of the sacral plexus. Supply the skin covering the inf portion of the butt

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11
Q

Prganglionic sympathetic neirons are found..

A

only as far inferior as the L2 region of the spinal cord.

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12
Q

the first 2 paravertebral lumbar ganglia

A

attached to the first 2 lumbar ventral rami via botha a white and grey ramus communicans.

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13
Q

Paravertebral ganglion below L2

A

have grey ramus communicans only

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14
Q

how do preganglionic sympathetic axons reach the lower lumbar and sacral ganglia?

A

preganglionic neurons in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar regions have axons that can descend down the chain before forming a synapse in addition to sunapsing in the ganglia in which they enter.

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15
Q

formation of the lumbar plexus

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves L1-L4.

A contribution from the ventral ramus of T12 may join L1

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16
Q

L1 ventral ramus branches

A
  1. iliohypogastric nerve
  2. ilioinguinal nerve
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17
Q

iliohypogastric nerve

A

supplies the muscles forming the lower portion of the abdominal wall. sensory to the region of skin covering the abdominal wall above the pubic bone

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18
Q

ilioinguinal nerve

A

muscles forming the lower portion of the abdominal wall

sensory to skin covering the root of the penis and anterior scrotum in the mons pubis and the ant labia in the female

19
Q

genitofemoral nerve

A

L1 and L2

Gential branch supplies cremaster muscle lining in the scrotum in males

femoral branch is cut to the skin of the upper thigh just under th ilioinguinal lig

20
Q

cremaster reflex

A

used to test the integrity of the L1 spinal nerve. Rubbing the skin comprising th L1 dermatome (ant scrotum of upper thigh) can lead to contraction of the cremaster muscle.

Seen as an attempt by the cremaster to retract the testicle back into the abdomen, humans cant do that tho!

21
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

made up of branches from L2 and 3. Cut to the skin covering the lateral thigh.

entrapped under inguinal ligament near ASIS

compression of this nerve can happen if your pants are too tight. leads to a burning sensation over lateral thigh known as meralgia peristatica

22
Q

fermoral nerve

A

L2,3,4

supplies innervation to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh (quad femoris and sartorius)

medial leg: saphenous branch

cut from the laterial and medial thigh and medial leg

23
Q

obturator nerve

A

L2,3,4

motor to muscles in th medial compartment of thigh (hip adductors, obturator externus)

cut to small region along the medial thigh near knee

24
Q

Lumbosacral plexus cut distribution

A

posterior thigh

leg: ant and post
foot: dorsal and plantar surfaces

25
Q

Lumbosacral plexus motor distribution

A

gluteal muscles

hamstrings

all muscles in the leg and foot

perineum

26
Q

lumbosacral trunk

A

Formed by contributions of both L4 and L5

27
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

lumbosacral plexus branch

L4 L5 S1

tensor fascia lata, gluteus med and min

28
Q

inferior gluteal nerve

A

lumbosacral plexus branch

L5 S1 S2

glut max

29
Q

nerve to obturator internus

A

lumbosacral plexus branch

L5 S1 S2

obturator internus and superior gemmellus

30
Q

nerve to quadrator femoris

A

lumbosacral plexus branch

L4 L5 S1

quadrator femoris, inferior gemellus, as well and the hip joint

31
Q

pudendal nerve

A

S2 S3 S4

muscles associated with the external genitals and the sphincters of the anus and urethra

32
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

lumbosacral plexus branch

L4 L5 S1 S2 S3 S4

hamstring muscles in the post thigh before dividing into terminal branches: tibial and common fibular nerves

33
Q

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

lumbosacral plexus branch

S1-3

skin of the post thigh and the popliteal region

34
Q

peripheral nerve lesion

A

more than 1 spinal segment associate.

loss of function of muscle

atrophy

several associated dermatomes

35
Q

radiculopathy

A

one dermatome

weakness of muscle

sensation loss rescrticted to one area

herniated disc is a common cause

36
Q

L1 L2 radiculopathy

A

dermatome: lower abdomen, upper thigh
myotome: hip flexion

37
Q

L2 L3 radiculopathy

A

Derm: ant and med thigh

myo: hip adduction, knee extension
test: squat

38
Q

L4 Radiculopathy

A

medial leg

inversion and supination of tarsal joints

39
Q

L5 radiculopathy

A

dorsum of foot

hip adductors, dosiflexion of ankle

test: heel walk, tendelenburg

40
Q

S1 radiculopathy

A

lateral and post leg

ankle plantar flexion, eversion and pronation of tarsal joints

test: toe walk

41
Q

disc herniation (3 types)

A

soft herniation

hard disc

combo

42
Q

soft herniation

A

nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosis

affects lumbar spine

people 30-50 most susceptiable because the elasticity and water content decreases with age

43
Q

spinal cord lesion

A

widespread muscle paralysis and loss of sensation below site of lesion

classified by the segments of the cord that still function

ie. c5 lesion leans that all segments up to and including C5 are functioning

Gross Anatomy Unit 2 (4 decks)

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