hip joint

Question 1

stable configuration of lower limbs

Answer 1

maximal contact btw the opposing bone and joint, close pack configuration. Little motion, better adapted for weight bearing

Question 2

center of gravity of body

Answer 2

gravity tends to put the joint into stable configuration. Gravity will fall: posterior to hip joint, anterior to knee joint, anterior to ankle joint. Extended position is stable for hip and knee
stable for ankle is dorsiflexed

Question 3

concentric contractions of muscles

Answer 3

exert a propulsive force on a joint causing it to move

Question 4

eccentric contractions

Answer 4

restraining and slowing down type of contraction. muscle tries to restrain a movement that was started with a concentric contraction. these muscles are more apt to fatigue because they have fast twitch fibers

Question 5

weight bearing vs non

Answer 5

weight bearing: foot is on the ground, in good position to support weight
non: foot off the group, free to move

Question 6

joint that plays a major role in weight bearing

Answer 6

hip joint

Question 7

normal hip angle of the femur

Answer 7

125-130 in adults, angle of inclination

Question 8

coxa vara

Answer 8

shortening of affected limb. angle is less than 100

Question 9

coxa valga

Answer 9

angle is greater than 130, limb is longer

Question 10

posterior hip dislocation

Answer 10

happens in car accidents
hip is flexed and inwardly rotated (nonstable)
knee hitting dashboard causes the femur to be driven posteriorly and get pulled upward by the iliopsoas and adducted and inwardly rotated by the adductors
limb appears shorter

Question 11

fracture of the femoral neck

Answer 11

results in necrosis of the head, leaves you bed ridden if it doesnt get replaced
results in the limb appearing longer and outwardly rotated due to the action of the posterior lateral hip rotators

Question 12

ligaments of the hip

Answer 12

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischifemoral

Question 13

iliofemoral ligament

Answer 13

covers hip joint anteriorly, strongest lig in the body.
resists excessive extension
limits ad/abduction

Question 14

pubofemoral ligament

Answer 14

also covers anteriorly
pubic bone-base of neck of femur
weaker
limits abduction

Question 15

ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 15

covers posteriorly from the ischium

limits medial rotation and helps the iliofemoral limit extension

Question 16

ligament in the head of the femur

Answer 16

helps convey branches of the obturator artery to the head of the femur in children

Question 17

locking of the hip joint

Answer 17

gravity tends to pull the hip into extended position
head of femur very tight in acetabulum
iliofemoral lig becomes very taught to prevent excessive extension. Keeps joint tight without making muscles expend energy to keep it tight

Question 18

weight bearing mvmts of the hip

Answer 18

hip moving on fixed femur

Question 19

non weight bearing mvmts of hip

Answer 19

femur moving on fixed pelvis

Question 20

most powerful hip flexor

Answer 20

iliopsoas

Question 21

abduction of the hip

Answer 21

moving the thigh outward

tilting iliac crest away from midline

Question 22

adduction of the hip

Answer 22

moving the thigh toward the midline

tilting iliac crest toward midline

Question 23

main hip adductors

Answer 23

glut med and min, can also inwardly rotate

Question 24

inward rotation

Answer 24

greater trochanter moves anteriorly

Question 25

main inward rotators

Answer 25

glut max and TFL

Question 26

superior gluteal nerve

Answer 26

L5S1S2 glut med, min, TFL loss of function will result in loss of hip abduction

Question 27

trendelenburg gait

Answer 27

damage to the sup gluteal nerve & L5 radiculopathy test marked downward tilting of the hip on the non weight bearing side has to tilt body toward the support side and elevate hip to be able to take a step

Question 28

obturator nerve

Answer 28

L234 innervates adductors damage is seen when the foot is placed more in line with the shoulder instead up directly under the hip when taking a step, waddling

Question 29

iliopsoas innervation

Answer 29

L1 L2 roots | damage would result in weak hip flexion

Question 30

hip flexors

Answer 30

``` TFL pectineus sartorius gracilis iliopsoas (finishes) ```

Question 31

hip extensors

Answer 31

glut max hamstrings adductor magnus-posterior

Question 32

hip adductors | also inward rotators

Answer 32

adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus gracilis

Question 33

hip abductors

Answer 33

glut med | glut min

Question 34

inward rotators

Answer 34

glut min | TFL

Question 35

outward rotators

Answer 35

``` glut max piriformis obturator externus obturator internus superior gemellus inferior gemellus glut med ```