gluteal region

Question 1

2 landmarks oft he iliac crest

Answer 1

ASIS anteriorly, useful for measuring limb length

PSIS posteriorly, at the level of the 2nd sacral vert., useful so palpate the sacroiliac joint

Question 2

auricular surface of the ilium

Answer 2

articulates with the ala of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint

Question 3

ischium

Answer 3

inferior most portion of the pelvic bone composed of

ramus

ischial tuberosity: same level of the lesser trochanter, attachment for the hamstring muscles

ischial spine: separated from the spine by the lesser sciatic notch. Landmark for locating th pudendal nerve

Question 4

pubis

Answer 4

made up of a

body: bodies of right nd left pubic bones are united together via a fibrocartilagenous disc forming a symphysis joint, the pubic symphysis. strong weight bearing joint, slight movement

superior ramus: fuses with the ischium and ilium and helps form the dividing line btw the flase and true pelvis called the arcurate line

inferior ramus: joins the ramus of the ischium to form the ischiopubic ramus. pubic tubercle on the superior surface

Question 5

acetabulum

Answer 5

socket formed by a union of all 3 portions of the pelvic bone. head of the femur fits in to form the hip joint

Question 6

obturator foramen

Answer 6

opening between the ischium and the pubis. Obturator membrane covers most of it

Question 7

pelvic inlet

Answer 7

opening between the abdominal cavity and the pelvis. Separates false and true pelvis. Wider and rounder in females

Question 8

pelvic outlet

Answer 8

opening that exits out the pelvis

Question 9

false (greater) pelvis

Answer 9

area above the pelvis inlet. bounded by the iliac crests and part of the lower abdominal wall. Contains lower portions of GI tract

Question 10

true (lesser) pelvis

Answer 10

area below the pelvic inlet. bounded by the ischium and ilim and pelvic organs

Question 11

Sacrum

Answer 11

base: articulates with L5

promontory

coccyx

ala: articulates with the ilium of the pelvis to formt the sacroiliac joint.

Question 12

muscles associated with the posterior portion of the iliac crest

Answer 12

glut max

glut med

glut min

tensor fascia lata

Question 13

gluteus maximus

Answer 13

extensive origin from outer iliac crest, sacroiliac ligs, lumbodorsal fascai and the sacrum

inserts on linea aspera on the post aspect of the femur and forms part of the iliotibial band

abducts, extends, and laterally rotates the hip.

stabilized the flexed knee, active during mvmts that require bringing th hip toward the trunk like walking or running on an incline, or climbing stairs. Not very actuve during normal walking

innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve

Question 14

gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 14

function as the main abductors of the hip

medius: inserts more posteriorly on the greater trochanter of the femur, can also laterally flex the hip
minimus: more of an internal rotator

both play an important role in walking. Gravity causes the hip to sag down on the non weight bearing limb, muscles prevent the downward tilt and contract on the weight bearing limb. Results in abduction of weight bearing limb and adduction of non

if the weight bearing is sagging downward, positive trendelenburg test, something wrong with these muscles

superior gluteal nerve

Question 15

tensor fascia lata

Answer 15

outer portion of iliac crest aand inserts onto fascia lata to help form the IT band. more anterior than gluts.

initiates hip flexion and inward rotation of the hip

Question 16

ischial posterior lateral hip rotators

Answer 16

superior gemellus

inferior gemellus

quadratus femoris

Question 17

post lateral hip rotators associated with the obterator membrane

Answer 17

obturator internus and externus

Question 18

post lat hip rotators associated with sacrum

Answer 18

piriformis

Question 19

piriformis

Answer 19

provides an important landmark. its course can be indicated by drawing a line from the midpt btw the PSIS and coccyx to the tip of the greater trochanter.

considered the key to the gluteal region bc neurovscaular bundles exit the pelvis to enter the gluteal region above or below this muscle

Question 20

common iliac arteries

Answer 20

abdominal aorta ends opposite the L4 vertebrar by divding into R and L common iliac arteries

each common divides into interal and external iliac arteries

Question 21

external iliac artery

Answer 21

branches:

1. deep circumflex iliac: ilium
2. inferior epigastric: rectus abdominis

passes from the abdomen into the thigh below the inguinal lig to become the femoral artery.

Question 22

femoral artery

Answer 22

supplies ant and med thigh

becomes popliteal artery in popliteal fossa

pulse can be palpated in sup femoral triangle

Question 23

internal iliac artery

Answer 23

pelvic viscera and gluteal region

branches:

internal pudendal: peruneum and ext genitals

inf. gluteal
sup. gluteal

Question 24

veins

Answer 24

accompany each artery, drain into the int iliac vein

Question 25

upper inner quadrant

Answer 25

superior gluteal neurovascular bundle

Question 26

lower inner quadrant

Answer 26

inferior gluteal and internal pudendal nuerovascular bundles

Question 27

lower outer quadrant

Answer 27

sciatic nerve, post femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 28

upper outer quadrant

Answer 28

branches of the sup glut neurovascular bundle, less damaging area