LU 6 ACCESSIBILITY

Question 1

Who benefits from accessible systems?

Answer 1

Accessible systems help everyone, not just disabled people.

Question 2

What is an advantage of well-structured text?

Answer 2

Well-structured text is easier to read and easier for computers to parse.

Question 3

How does flexibility in inputs improve a system?

Answer 3

Flexibility in inputs improves accessibility and makes it easier for everyone else.

Question 4

What is the spectrum of visual impairment?

Answer 4

The spectrum of visual impairment is wide, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, color blindness, partial blindness, and full blindness.

Question 5

Do different types of visual impairments have the same requirements?

Answer 5

No, each type of visual impairment has its own unique requirements.

Question 6

What is alt text used for?

Answer 6

Alt text is used for images to make them accessible.

Question 7

How should headings be formatted for accessibility?

Answer 7

Headings should be clear and identifiable by a computer, using tags like <h1>title</h1>.

Question 8

What is a keyboard trap?

Answer 8

A keyboard trap is a situation where someone using only a keyboard can navigate into an area but cannot navigate out.

Question 9

Why should you use a “Skip to Main Content” link?

Answer 9

It helps users skip repetitive content and navigate directly to the main content of the page.

Question 10

What should you ensure regarding text and background colors?

Answer 10

Ensure there is significant contrast between the text and background.

Question 11

What should be used to create accessible web pages?

Answer 11

Use an accessible template.

Question 12

How can you enable better scanning of text for users?

Answer 12

Put important words at the front of paragraphs and links.

Question 13

Why is audio commonly used in interfaces?

Answer 13

Audio is used for feedback and situational awareness.

Question 14

How can interfaces be more accessible to people with hearing impairments?

Answer 14

Use gesture-based interfaces and ensure videos have captions.

Question 15

What is a challenge for accessibility in videos?

Answer 15

Videos without captions are less accessible.

Question 16

What challenges do people with physical impairments face with interfaces?

Answer 16

Limited control over movement, fine mouse movements, and precise motions are difficult.

Question 17

What alternative input methods can help people with physical impairments?

Answer 17

Speech or eye tracker input can be used as alternatives.

Question 18

What is dyslexia and how does it impact people?

Answer 18

Dyslexia is a cognitive disability that affects reading, writing, and spelling. People with dyslexia understand spoken content but struggle with the same content when it is written.

Question 19

How common is dyslexia in the UK?

Answer 19

It is estimated that up to 1 in every 10 to 20 people in the UK has some degree of dyslexia.

Question 20

How can technology help people with dyslexia?

Answer 20

Spelling correction is helpful, but most spell checkers are not trained on dyslexic spelling patterns, which can make it difficult for a dyslexic person to pull the correct spelling from a list.

Question 21

What are the three main challenges faced by individuals with autism?

Answer 21

Social interaction – issues relating to others.

Communication – issues understanding verbal and textual language, including expressions.

Imagination – problems with rigidity of thought processes leading to repetitive behavior.

Question 22

What are some common issues for individuals with autism when using interfaces?

Answer 22

Rigid interfaces (Heuristic: Flexibility).

Sounds that cannot be controlled.

Lack of explanation (Heuristic: Help).

Literal interpretation of content, making jokes or “funny” descriptions confusing.

Question 23

What are the unique requirements for different age groups when designing apps or games?

Answer 23

Each age group, such as children and senior citizens, has unique physical, sensorial, and cognitive requirements.

Question 24

What are some shared requirements for designing apps or games for children and senior citizens?

Answer 24

Larger fonts and buttons.

Less text.

High contrast.

Question 25

Why do children and senior citizens have unique requirements for apps and games?

Answer 25

They have unique requirements due to differences in physical, sensorial, and cognitive abilities.

Question 26

What are some shared design requirements for apps and games for children and senior citizens?

Answer 26

Shared design requirements include larger fonts and buttons, less text, and high contrast.

Question 27

What does Fitts’ Law predict?

Answer 27

Fitts’ Law predicts the time required to point at an object using a device as a function of the object’s distance and size.

Question 28

How does the distance and size of an object affect the time to locate and point to it according to Fitts’ Law?

Answer 28

The further away and smaller the object, the longer the time to locate it and point to it.

Question 29

What is the formula for Fitts’ Law?

Answer 29

T=k log2 (D/S +1)

T = Time to move the pointer to the target

D = Distance between the pointer and the target

S = Size of the target

k = A constant of approximately 200ms/bit

Question 30

Why is it a bad idea to create a separate accessible version of your website or app?

Answer 30

The organization is unlikely to have the resources to maintain both versions.

Small updates are likely to happen to the accessible version and not the main one.

Later editors may unintentionally break the accessibility features by mistake.