BAB 3 THE DESIGN PROCESS PART 1 Flashcards
What are the universal methods of design approach? (5)
Planning, Scoping, and Defining:
What do we want to do? Determine the goals and scope of the project. (what is wanted/needed)
Exploration, Synthesis, and Design Implications:
Would it work? Would it solve the problem? Explore and synthesize ideas to see if they address the problem. (analysis)
Concept Generation:
Create a prototype and try it out. Develop a prototype to test the concept. (design)
Evaluation, Refinement, and Production:
Build it, test it, fix it. Evaluate and refine the design based on testing. (prototyping)
Launch, Monitor, and Iterate:
See if it works in the real world, with real users, and perform ongoing review and iteration. Launch the product, monitor its performance, and continuously improve based on user feedback. (implement and deploy)
What is the difference between features and requirements?
Features: Specific functionalities or characteristics of a product.
Requirements: Goals that the system needs to accomplish.
Why is it important to distinguish between features and requirements?
Focusing on requirements ensures the design process addresses the underlying problem and meets users’ needs effectively, rather than being constrained by specific preconceived solutions.
How can feature requests be shifted to requirements?
Identify the goals behind the feature requests.
Frame these goals as requirements that need to be met, rather than specific solutions to implement.
Can you provide an example of shifting a feature request to a requirement
Feature Request: Build an app for new UG1 and MSc students that lists course locations.
Requirement: Provide a way for new students to find course locations, ensuring the system can be used by various user groups, not just UG1 and MSc students.
What is a diary study and when should it be used?
Diary Study: A method where people record events as they happen.
When to Use:
Rare events: Events that cannot be easily observed.
Easily forgotten events: People often forget these events happen.
Actual frequency important: Accurate recording of how often something occurs.
Why might diary studies not be ideal?
Behavioral changes: Asking people to track their behavior can cause them to change it.
What is a retrospective survey and when is it appropriate to use it?
Retrospective Survey: A survey format asking people about past events.
When to Use:
Critical memorable events: Describe a negative software update experience.
Recent somewhat memorable events: Where did you have dinner last night?
Rare impactful events: How did your husband propose to you?
Why might retrospective surveys be ineffective?
Hard to remember events: People might struggle to recall specific details, such as how many times they crossed a road last month.
What is artifact analysis and when should it be employed?
artifact Analysis: Studying physical objects left by people to understand their behavior.
When to Use:
Physical spaces: Workflows generate physical artifacts.
Tasks involving artifacts: Goal tasks create artifacts (e.g., Microsoft Word).
Interactions generating artifacts: Emails, social media posts, etc.
Why might artifact analysis not always be suitable?
Lack of meaningful artifacts: No relevant artifacts available.
Time efficiency: Faster methods to obtain the same information
What are focus groups and what are their pros and cons?
Focus Groups: Group discussions directed by a researcher.
Pros:
Group opinions on issues.
Efficient for testing early ideas/designs.
Identifying issues or conflicts.
Multi-constituent discussion.
Cons:
Dominance by assertive individuals.
Focus on opinions, not behaviors.
Limited sample size.
How should focus groups be designed?
Invite target users.
Prepare a list of discussion-promoting questions in advance.
Start with easy questions, then harder ones, and end with easy questions.
Mediate and learn from participants, keeping personal opinions out.
What are the uses of focus groups in design?
Design requirements: Understand users’ current situation and needs.
Product idea testing: Test product concepts and mock-ups.
Finished product opinion gathering: Determine user feelings and usage of an already released product.
What is an interview and what are its key features? (7)
Interview: A formal or semi-formal conversation for gathering information.
Key Features:
Assessment of fit for the study.
Personal face-to-face interaction.
Opportunity for clarification and elaboration.
Potential for gaining unexpected insights and new directions.
Subjectivity and personal biases.
Nervousness and anxiety.
Time and resource-intensive.
