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SOCI5122 exam notes > LU 1: Education & Sociology > Flashcards

LU 1: Education & Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sociology of education?

A

The SYSTEMATIC study of the formal learning institutions and the INTERRELATIONSHIP between these institutions from a sociological viewpoint.

This field examines how societal factors influence education and vice versa.

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2
Q

What impact does society have on schools?

A

Cultural norms, values, and socioeconomic factors.

This impact can shape educational policies, curricula, and the overall school environment.

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3
Q

What is the focus of Sociology and Education?

A

The focus is on how institutions such as economics, politics, and religion influence and mold the education system.

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4
Q

What role does education play in society?

A
  • Education prepares young people for participation in society.
  • Powerful agent of socialisation.
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5
Q

What basic factors influence a learner?

A

Consider the influence of various institutions and social factors on a learner’s development.

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6
Q

What is the relationship between education and the labour market?

A

Education plays a crucial role in preparing individuals for the labour market.

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7
Q

What are the two streams of thought in sociology regarding education?

A
  • education as imparting science
  • serving broader social functions.
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8
Q

How do some view the function of education?

A

Education serves broader social functions beyond just imparting knowledge.

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9
Q

What does the Positive Perspective by Durkheim focus on?

A

It focuses on how education equips children for their positions in later life.

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10
Q

What are the roots of Durkheim’s Positive Perspective?

A

It has roots in the functionalist approach.

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11
Q

How does Durkheim compare society?

A

He compares society to a human body.

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12
Q

What analogy has Durkheim used to understand society?

A

He has always used the popular analogy of the human body.

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13
Q

What does the Positivist Perspective focus on?

A

It focuses on how education equips children for their positions in later life.

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14
Q

What approach does the Positivist Perspective have roots in?

A

It has roots in the functionalist approach.

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15
Q

How does Durkheim use the analogy of the human body?

A

He uses it to understand society.

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16
Q

What role does education play in society according to Durkheim?

A

Education makes up one part of the system in society.

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17
Q

How are the different institutions in society related?

A

They are interconnected and interdependent on one another.

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18
Q

What is the goal of the institutions in society?

A

They work towards maintaining social order.

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19
Q

What does Durkheim focus on in his analysis?

A

Durkheim focuses on the POSITION of values in society and the FUNCTION of schools in transferring those values to learners.

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20
Q

What relationships did Durkheim analyze?

A
  • schools and other public institutions
  • interplay between education and social change
  • schools and the function of a social system.
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21
Q

What is the importance of society according to Durkheim?

A

The importance of society is over the individual.

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22
Q

How is moral order created in society?

A

Moral order is created by members of society to guide our actions.

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23
Q

What is the nature of society’s authority according to Durkheim?

A
  • Society commands us because it is exterior and superior to us.
  • The moral distance between it and us makes it an authority before which our wills defer.
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24
Q

Can we separate education from society?

A

No, schools are a social system that promotes social order and stability in society.

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25
What does the educational system transmit?
The educational system transmits traditions, rules, values, and skills from one generation to another.
26
What role does education play in culture?
Education maintains the 'accepted' culture.
27
What is the purpose of knowledge in education?
Knowledge must work toward 'solidarity and integration rather than pluralism and differentiation.'
28
What is the role of teachers in education?
Teachers are 'agents of legitimate knowledge transmission.'
29
What does education prepare learners for?
Education prepares learners for work roles in adult life.
30
What skills and values does education teach?
- punctuality - cooperation - conformity.
31
What behavior does education encourage?
- socially appropriate behavior - acceptance of authority and academic ability.
32
What is a criticism of functionalism in education?
The criticism of functionalism is that it ignores the allocation of adult roles and the gap between societal expectations of schools and actual school performance.
33
What does the functionalist perspective emphasize?
- value consensus - integration - stability to keep society in balance.
34
What does the functionalist perspective tend to ignore?
- ignore the diversity of interests - thoughts - ideologies - opposing interest groups in society.
35
What does the conflict perspective highlight?
the tensions in society due to competition for resources.
36
What are the two main groups identified in the conflict perspective?
- dominant (have’s) - subordinate groups (have nots).
37
What characterizes the dominant group in society?
Command power and privilege and have access to resources and goods.
38
What is the situation of the subordinate group in the conflict perspective?
lack power in society, leading to tensions and conflict between the groups.
39
What do conflict theorists focus on regarding education?
examine how the education given to working-class children serves ruling class interests.
40
How do conflict theorists view the role of education?
They share the view with functionalists that education prepares learners for future roles in family, economy, and society.
41
What is Marx's belief about the education system?
Marx believes the education system perpetuates the dominance of one class over another.
42
How does Marx view the role of schools in society?
Marx believes schools support the status quo and preserve inequality, especially under capitalism.
43
What are the two types of functions in education according to the Conflict Perspective?
- manifest (obvious, stated) - latent (concealed, covert) functions.
44
What is the manifest function of education?
Provide skills and prepare learners for their future roles in society.
45
What is the latent function of education?
- The latent function is unrecognized and unintended - Sometimes referred to as the hidden curriculum —> prepares students to accept what is given and not to be critical or question things.
46
How does education affect class inequalities in society?
Education perpetuates class inequalities in society.
47
Do the haves and have-nots receive different education in South Africa?
Yes, the haves and have-nots receive different education in South Africa.
48
What is the Conflict Perspective?
A theoretical framework that examines social inequalities and divisions in society.
49
What is Credentialism?
The idea that some people are better than others based on their educational credentials.
50
What does Credentialism denote?
It is a status marker and denotes knowledge or expertise in an area.
51
What do Conflict theorists argue about Credentialism?
Further creates social divisions in society and rewards people unequally based on their class position.
52
What is the role of schools according to Conflict theorists?
They argue that schools merely propagate social inequality in society.
53
Is there Credentialism in South Africa?
This is a question posed to consider the presence of Credentialism in SA.
54
What does Weber's work provide regarding schools?
Weber's work on bureaucracies, organisations, and status provides a macro overview of how schools are organised while also offering an interpretive perspective.
55
What framework did Weber provide for formal organisations of schools?
- division of labour - administrative hierarchy - rules and regulations - formal relationships - rational behaviour.
56
What issue did Weber consider in relation to schools?
Weber considered the issue of 'STATUS CULTURES' and how schools perpetuate this relationship among groups both inside and outside of schools.
57
How does power influence education according to Weber?
Power places PRESSURE on education, supporting the interests of the dominant group: 1. Bureaucratization of Education 2. Credentialism 3. Reinforcement of Status and Class Divisions 4. Control through Rationalization 5. Influence of Political Power 6. Domination of Technical Knowledge
58
What did Weber argue regarding teachers and academics?
Weber argued that teachers and academics should keep their values under control in a classroom. TEACHERS MUST PASS ON ONLY FACTS.
59
What should teachers and academics focus on according to Weber?
Teachers and academics should only teach facts.
60
How would Marx's view differ from Weber's regarding facts and values?
Marx would disagree, stating that fact and value are closely interwoven.
61
What does society structure itself around according to the interpretivist perspective?
1. economics 2. status 3. power
62
What is central to the interpretivist perspective?
Symbolic interactionism is central to the interpretivist perspective —> how meanings are constructed.
63
What does the interpretivist perspective emphasize?
It emphasizes how meanings are constructed.
64
What does the interpretivist perspective concentrate on?
It concentrates on the interactions of individuals and the behavior of small groups.
65
What do individuals sharing a culture have in common?
Their immediate experiences and norms and values.
66
What do individuals sharing a culture have in common?
They have much in common in terms of their immediate experiences and norms and values.
67
What does the Interpretivist Perspective recognize?
It recognizes differences due to individual experiences of class and broader social experiences.
68
What is the focus of the Interpretivist Perspective?
The focus is on the actions between teacher, student, parental, and peer-group relationships.
69
What theories are found within the interactionist perspective?
Tracking and labelling theory.
70
What is tracking or streaming in education?
It is a sorting mechanism used to assign students to particular programmes or educational streams based on evaluations.
71
What are some potential positives and negatives of streaming?
This is a question for reflection.
72
What criticism does the interactionist perspective face?
It has been criticised for failing to acknowledge the agency of individuals in the education process.
73
What is a legacy of apartheid in South Africa's education?
The legacy of apartheid continues to affect educational access and quality in South Africa.
74
What are FET colleges?
FET colleges are Further Education and Training colleges that provide vocational education.
75
What is the National Central Application system?
It is a system used for applying to higher education institutions in South Africa.
76
What issue do South African schools face regarding teachers?
Many schools have vacant teacher posts, leading to a shortage of qualified educators.
77
What challenges do South African schools face with textbooks?
There are issues with the availability and distribution of textbooks in schools.
78
What is a significant concern in South African schools?
Sexual abuse is a serious issue affecting students in South African schools.
79
What societal issues impact education in South Africa?
Exclusion and inequality are major societal issues affecting educational opportunities.
80
What types of schools exist in South Africa?
There are both public and private schools in South Africa.
81
What is a challenge related to student retention?
Many students struggle to remain in school until graduation.
82
What is a concern regarding teaching as a profession?
Teaching is often undervalued and faces challenges in attracting qualified professionals.
83
How does poverty affect families in South Africa?
Poverty significantly impacts educational access and family stability.
84
What health crisis affects families in South Africa?
HIV/AIDS is a major health issue that affects many families.
85
What type of households are prevalent in South Africa?
Single and child-headed households are common in South Africa.
86
What is important for addressing educational challenges?
All-inclusive dialogue is essential for addressing the challenges in education.
87
What are examples of the STATE in education today:
- legacy of apartheid - education policies - FET colleges - National central application system
88
What are examples of SOCIETY in education today:
- exclusion - inequality - public/ private schools - student retention - teaching as a profession
89
What are examples of SCHOOLS in education today:
- vacant teacher posts - textbooks - sexual abuse
90
What are examples of FAMILY in education today:
- poverty - HIV/ AIDS - Single and child headed households - all inclusive dialogues

SOCI5122 exam notes (4 decks)

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