LT2 Method Scopes Flashcards
Accelerated Fuel Oil Stability Test
F21-61 (Blotter)
Scope?
This method is used to determine the relative stability of distillate fuels such as home heating oils or diesel fuels under short-term, high temperature, aging conditions involving air exposure. It is also used to evaluate the effectiveness of additives in inhibiting residue formation and color degradation of distillate fuels under condition of the test. The evaluation consists of aging a sample of distillate fuel at 300oF for 90 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and collecting any insoluble residue by vacuum filtration through a filter paer or
blotter. The resultant blotter is compared with a set of standards to obtain a numerical rating. Fuel color is determined before and after aging.
ASTM 7039 Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel and gasoline Ethanol blends by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Scope?
This test method covers the determination of total sulfur by monochromatic wavelengthdispersive X-ray fluorescence (MWDXRF) spectrometry in single-phase gasoline, diesel fuel, refinery process streams used to blend gasoline and diesel, jet fuel, kerosene,
biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and gasoline-ethanol blends. For diesel, the range of this test
method is between 0-100 mg/kg and 0-500 mg/Kg for gasoline total sulfur.
Knowledge of the sulfur content of diesel fuels, gasolines, and refinery process streams
used to blend gasolines is important for process control as well as the prediction and control of operational problems such as unit corrosion and catalyst poisoning, and in the blending of products to commodity specifications.
Various federal, state, and local agencies regulate the sulfur content of some petroleum products, including gasoline and diesel fuel. Unbiased and precise determination of sulfur in these products is critical to compliance with regulatory standards
D611 Aniline Point
Scope?
Test Method E:
Describes a procedure using an automatic apparatus suitable for the range covered by Test Methods A and B.
This method is utilized in the Three Rivers Laboratory.
D2163 Determination of Hydrocarbons in LPGs by Gas
Chromatography
Scope?
This test method covers the quantitative determination of individual hydrocarbons in LPG’s and
mixtures of propane and propene, excluding high purity propene in the range of C1-C5. Component
concentrations are determined in the range of 0.01 to 100 volume percent or mass% if needed. This
method does not fully determine hydrocarbons heavier than C5 and non-hydrocarbon materials, and
additional tests may be necessary to fully characterize an LPG sample.
The hydrocarbon component distribution of LPG’s is often required for end-use sale of this material.
Applications such as chemical feed stocks or fuel require precise compositional data to ensure uniform
quality. Trace amounts of some hydrocarbon impurities in these materials can have adverse effects on
their use and processing.
D2624 Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
Scope?
These test methods cover the determination of the electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels with and without a static dissipator additive. The test methods normally gives a measurement of the conductivity when the fuel is uncharged, that is, electrically at rest (known as the rest conductivity).
D3242 Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
Scope?
This test method covers the determination of the acidity in aviation turbine fuel in the range from 0.000 mg/g
to 0.100 mg/g KOH. Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment
during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely
to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace
amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to
corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.
D3606 Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline by GC
Scope?
This method is used to determine benzene in finished motor and aviation gasolines. This method is used to
determine benzene concentration in gasoline between levels of 0.1 to 5 vol% and toluene can be
determined between the levels of 2 % and 20 % by volume. Procedure B is being used with a packed
column set up with sec-butanol as internal standard. The concentration of benzene in gasoiline is
significant for regulatory compliance, control of gasoline blending, and process optimization.
D4294 Sulfur Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Scope?
To determine the sulfur content in light and heavy hydrocarbon oils.This test method covers the measurement of sulfur in hydrocarbons, in the range of 0.010 to 5.00%.
D4530 MCRT
Scope?
This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue formed after evaporation and pyrolysis of petroleum materials under certain conditions and is intended to provide some indication of the relative coke forming tendency of such materials. The test results are equivalent to the Conradson Carbon Residue test (see Test Method D189). Samples expected to be below 0.10 weight % (m/m) residue should be distilled to remove 90 % (V/V) of the flask charge. The 10 % bottoms remaining is then tested for carbon residue by this test method.
D4815 Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by GC
Scope?
This test method covers the determination of ethers and alcohols in gasolines by gas chromatography.
Specific compounds determined are methyl tert-butylether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butylether (ETBE), tertamylmethylether (TAME), diisopropylether (DIPE), methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, isobutanol,
tert-butanol, sec-butanol, n-butanol, and tert-pentanol (tert-amylalcohol). Individual ethers are determined
from 0.20 % to 20.0 % by mass. Individual alcohols are determined from 0.20 % to 12.0 % by mass.
Equations used to convert to mass % oxygen and to volume % of individual compounds are provided. At
concentrations <0.20 % by mass, it is possible that hydrocarbons may interfere with several ethers and
alcohols. The reporting limit of 0.20 % by mass was tested for gasolines containing a maximum of 10 % by
volume olefins. It may be possible that for gasolines containing >10 % by volume olefins, the interference
may be >0.20 % by mass. Ethers, alcohols, and other oxygenates can be added to gasoline to increase octane number and to reduce
emissions. Type and concentration of various oxygenates are specified and regulated to ensure acceptable commercial gasoline quality. Drivability, vapor pressure, phase separation, exhaust, and evaporative emissions are some of the concerns associated with oxygenated fuels. 5.2 This test method is applicable to both quality control in the production of gasoline and for the determination of deliberate or extraneous oxygenate additions or contamination.
ASTM D4928
Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
Scope?
This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 5.00 mass or volume % in crude oils. Mercaptan (RSH) and sulfide (S- or H2S) as sulfur are knownto interfere with this test method, but at levels of less than 500 μg/g [ppm(m)], the
interference from these compounds is insignificant.
D6079 Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by HFRR
Scope?
This test method evaluates the lubricity of diesel fuels using a high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR).
Applicable to middle distillate fuels, such as grade Low Sulfur No. 1 D, Low Sulfur No.2 D, No. 1D and No. 2
diesel fuels, in accordance with specifications D 975; and other similar petroleum- based fuels which can be
used in diesel engines. A 2-ml test specimen of fuel is place in the test reservoir of the HFRR and adjusted to
a temperature of 60 °C. The ambient relative humidity is maintained between 30 % and 85 %. When the
temperature has stabilized, a vibrating arm holding a non-rotating steel ball loaded with 200 g mass is lowered
until it contacts test disk completely submerge in the fuel. The ball is rubbed against the disk with a 1mm
stroke at a frequency of 50 Hz for 75 minutes.
The ball is then removed from the vibrator arm and cleaned. The dimensions of the major and minor axis of
the wear scar are measure under 100X magnifications and recorded.
ASTM D6667 Total Sulfur in LPGby UV Fluororscence
Scope?
This test method covers the determination of total volatile sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons and liquefied
petroleum (LP) gases. It is applicable to analysis of natural, processed, and final product materials.
Calibration range for total sulfur in LPG is from 0-100 mg/Kg total sulfur. This test method may not
detect sulfur compounds that do not vaporize under the conditions of the test.
D7042 Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger
Scope?
This test method covers and specifies a procedure for the concurrent measurement of both the dynamic
viscosity and the density of liquid petroleum products and crude oils, both transparent and opaque. The
kinematic viscosity can be obtained by dividing the dynamic viscosity by the density obtained at the same test temperature.
Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants and the correct
operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
D88 Saybolt Viscosity
Scope?
This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol
viscosities of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99°C [70 and 210°F]. A special procedure for waxy products is indicated.
