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Rebels and Revolutionaries Exam 2019 > LS6 Rebel Governance > Flashcards

LS6 Rebel Governance Flashcards

1
Q

how might the rebels who engage in rebel governance be referred to in the context of war

A

weaker parties who engage in rebel governance despite the assymetry of power and the lack of benefits to war effort

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2
Q

what can be seen as the first and most important factor in the creation of rebel governance

A

control of territory populated by non-combatants

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3
Q

why might it be hard to fulfil the first factor of rebel governance

A

rebel governance is often fluid and fragile in structure and the boundaries of territory may shoft dramatically making it hard to measure or govern

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4
Q

how must the rebel governments retain the non-combatant population? (3)

A
  • coercion
  • provision of public goods
  • security
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5
Q

what can be seen as the main incentive to create rebel govenance?

A

extraction of funds through taxation and coercion, can make civilians focus on production of high-value goods to generate income for the rebel government

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6
Q

what is the ultimate goal of rebel governance?

A

to capture or succeed the state

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7
Q

define rebel governments in terms of sovereignty

A

have no recognised power within territory as a government in any sovereign capacity

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8
Q

under what conditions are rebel governments defined as such?

A
  • under armed threat
  • during the course of an ongoing conflict, if conflict ends and they retain governance then it is not defined as rebel governance
  • invloves the organisation of civilians within the given territory for public purpose
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9
Q

define aliocracy in 3 words

A

rule by others

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10
Q

give 3 features of aliocracy

A
  • minimal government
  • may take some small taxes through extortion or toll charges
  • impose basic or random rules on population
  • won’t allow opposition forces to enter
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11
Q

define rebelocracy in 3 words

A

engaged rebel governance

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12
Q

give 3 features of rebelocracy

A
  • more comprehensive style of governance
  • build or adopt comparable administrative structures as the state
  • provision of public goods beyond just security
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13
Q

give 3 examples of public goods

A
  • security
  • healthcare provision
  • education
  • infrarstructure
  • creation of national banks and currency
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14
Q

give the territorial conditions of rebel governance emergence

A
  • small, local, and emote areas which gradually take more territory
  • have enough power to expell opposing forces from controlled area
  • won’t work for a terrorist group
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15
Q

give the civilian conditions of rebel governance emergence

A
  • population living in area
  • people who are willing and able to be ruled over
  • population must remain in place (through coercion)
  • some civilian populations may choose to follow rebel groups
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16
Q

give 2 features of the delivery of (rebelocracy) rebel governance

A
  • credible threat of violence
  • civilian participation
  • civilian administration
  • wealth production
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17
Q

give 1 example of civilian participation

A
  • local councils and advisory boards which involve civilians
  • threat of coercion on civilians
  • monitored autonomy of these councils to ensure they are taking it seriously
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18
Q

give 2 examples of civilian administration in practice

A
  • evolution of informal practices into formal processes e.g. taxation from extortion
  • supply of public order through bureaucracy
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19
Q

give 2 examples of wealth production in rebel governance

A
  • taxation

- seizure of profitable businesses, particulary primary resources and mines

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20
Q

give 3 reasons why a rebel group may engage in rebel governance

A
  • ligitimise ideology
  • stability and growth
  • deliverance of ideology
  • goals demand they show they can run state
  • nessecity, e,g, requirement of resources for war
  • opportunity
  • increasing compliance
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21
Q

why might rebel governance legitimise ideology?

A

by showing the practice of the groups aims. in case of separatists they are more likely to demonstrate their effectiveness and functionality

22
Q

why might rebel governance create stability? why might this be useful?

A

with control of the state (they are the state) they are less likely to face opposition, also much easier to expand rebel group from state

23
Q

why might rebel governments engage in rebel governance for necessity?

A

need resources for war or to prove aims

24
Q

what opportunistic factors might influence a rebel group to engage in rebel governance?

A
  • a weak ir failing state which hase little provision for civilians
  • abusive or ethnic majoritarianism
  • civilians may be calling for new state system
25
Q

how might a rebel government seek to legitimise its governance?

A

symbolic things e.g. flags, anthems

also establishment of authority and gaining of recognition in the international system

26
Q

why might some groups choose not to engage in rebel governance

A

the groups are too weak

27
Q

some groups choose to ______ ________

A

expel civilians so there are no citizens to govern over

28
Q

give 3 examples of governance structures

A
  • embarking on diplomacy
  • printing own currency
  • mobilise diasporas
  • institutions
29
Q

what might diplomacy achieve?

A

legitimacy on international stage

30
Q

why might groups introduce or adapt institutions

A

to bring them in line with ideology

31
Q

name the 4 options for civilians in rebel governed areas

A
  • get fully onboard
  • passively support
  • flee
  • resistance
32
Q

how might a civilian show active support?

A

become part of the civilian administration, take on the beliefs and practices

33
Q

what can be described as passive support?

A

following the system but not inovolving themselves

34
Q

what is partial resistance?

A

questioning of the rebel government and smalle acts of rebellion, e.g. spreading of propaganda and refusing to do business with the fighters of policing forces

35
Q

what is full resistance?

A

demanding the exit of the group and individually going against each rule

36
Q

which two factors best predict the prevelance of full resistance

A

(high) quality of pre-existing local institutions

(high) scope of armed group’s intervention - rebelocracy

37
Q

why is partial rebellion more common?

A

its everywhere, e.g. satire, parody

38
Q

why might partial resistance be useful for rebel governance?

A

allows citiznes to express concerns, thus solidifying place of rebel government as legitimate, against whcih people can lodge concerns

39
Q

what is required for full resistance?

A

severe restrictions on daily life and major grievance

40
Q

define a government

A

a bounded organisation with the authority to make laws and enforce them within a territory

41
Q

what is a civil administration

A

separate fro military operations, the formalisation of the provision of public goods

42
Q

what is the main problem that makes leaders create rebel governance?

A

they cannot keep the civilians onboard with violence alone and therefore must engage in rebel governance to create public goods and thus retain the civilians

43
Q

coercive apparatus can be described as _________

A

domination

44
Q

what other factor is required besides domination for rebel governance?

A

a degree of consent from the population (hegemony)

45
Q

give 2 advantages of setting up a rebel territory

A
  • complex wealth extraction
  • long-term relationship with locals means easier taxation
  • excercise monopoly of the use of force
  • easier to cultivate loyalty
46
Q

give 2 disadvantages of setting up rebel territory

A
  • must engage in give-take negotionas with civilians who don’t always have unanimity
  • have to return favours to civilians who give tax, creation of public goods
47
Q

why might we not see these principles as foundations of states? (out of wartime)

A

they are based upon civil war which means a state already exists, therefore these rebel governments cannot possess the soveriengty. these are merely principles which have been migrated out of the sphere of sovereign state building

48
Q

how did both Guevara and Mao seek to balance between coercion and consent

A

a cultivation of support for the revolutionary agenda through civilian discources of education and civil administration

49
Q

what factors may predict that a rebel group is less concerned with civilian welfare?

A

the group draws on outside funding and not from popular support

50
Q

why might it be hard to determine sources of funding?

A

constantly shifting and varied

51
Q

give 3 main conditions of interactive governance approach

A
  • force capable of policing and stabalising the population
  • judicial structure whereby citizens can settle disputes
  • capacity to provide public goods beyond security
  • (civilians must make use of all these)
  • (feedback mechanisms from civilians to leadership)

Rebels and Revolutionaries Exam 2019 (8 decks)

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