LP 7 Fundamentals Of Radar Flashcards
A radio detection device which provides information on range, azimuth, and or elevation of objects
Radar
What are the two types of radar systems
Primary radar, secondary radar
A radar system in which a minute portion of a radio pulse transmitted from a site is reflected by an object and then received back at the site for processing and display at an air traffic control facility
Primary radar
What radar system sends out a signal which is reflected by anything with mass ( echo principle)
Primary radar
What radar signal is a pulse of radio energy similar to an x-ray
Primary radar
Does primary radar require equipment in the aircraft?
No
What are the four major components of a primary radar system?
Transmitter, antenna, receiver, radar display.TARR
The area directly above the antenna is called what and is not included in the signal pattern
Blind zone
What features improve primary radar presentation
Movie target indicator (MTI)
polarization
And electronic device which will permit radar scope presentation only from targets which are in motion
Moving target indicator
MTI
Is a pattern produced on the radar scope by ground returns which may degrade other radar returns in affected area
Ground clutter GC
What generates a pulse of radio energy
The transmitter
What focuses and broadcast radio energy, then collects the reflected return
The antenna
What amplifies and converts the reflected energy into video
The receiver
What depicts the position and movement of objects that reflect radio energy
The radar display
What happens when an aircraft is moving directly toward or away from the radar antenna at a particular speed
MTI
Blind speed
What is the radar antenna configuration that determines the motion of the Radio energy as it is transmitted
Polarization
What are the two types of polarization
Linear, circular
The normal radar transmission that will cause an echo from anything that has mass
Linear polarization LP
An electromagnetic wave for which the electronic and or the magnetic field vector at a point describes a circle
Circular polarization CP
It reduces or eliminates echoes from precipitation
CP
Name the components of a primary radar system
Transmitter, antenna, receiver, radar display
Tarr
What are the most Prevailant phenomena which can adversely affect the presentation that a controller sees on a primary radar display
Anomalous propagation AP, temperature inversion, False targets, electronic radar interference, radar jamming, target fades
Anomalous propagation is caused by
Density or moisture
Radar beams are bent in the direction of
Dry dense air
What occurs when warmer air is trapped on top of cooler air?
Temperature inversion
Targets that lack validity or authenticity often produced as a result of temperature inversion or anomalous propagation
False targets
What are the two causes of electronic radar interference
Cross channeling (same system), other radar systems operating on the same frequency
The disruption of the radar display on radio reception by means of electronic or mechanical interference
Jamming
What are the two types of radar Jamming
Passive and active jamming
Appearance of clutter on the radar display achieve by dropping large amounts of shredded foil, chaff
Passive radar jamming
Electronically disrupting the radar operating frequency which results in clutter pattern similar to radar interference
Active radar jamming
Inherent feature of all radar systems
Target fades
What type of polarization would be used to reduce areas of heavy precipitation from the radar display
Circular polarization
Displays only objects in motion
MTI
Requires no equipment in the aircraft
Primary radar
Focuses, broadcast, and collects reflected radio energy
Antenna
Depicts the position and movement of objects that reflect radio energy
Radar display
Reduces or eliminates echoes from precipitation
Cp
Normal radar transmission that will cause an echo from anything that has mass
Lp
Radar indications of aircraft or objects that do not exist
False target
Appearance of clutter on the radar display caused by moisture in the air bending the radar beem
Ap
Occurs when warmer air is trapped on top of cooler air
Temperature inversion
Appearance of clutter on the radar display that results from two radar systems operating on the similar frequency
Electronic radar interference
Appearance of clutter on the radar display caused by dropping large amounts of chaff
Passive jamming
Clutter pattern achieved by electronic disruption of the radar operating frequency
Active jamming
Area directly above the antenna that is not included in the signal pattern
Blind zone
Amplifies and converts reflected radio energy into video
Receiver
ATCTBS
Air traffic control radar beacon system
Name the components of a secondary radar system
Interrogator antenna transponder decoder radar display
Triad
Ground based transmitter that generates radio signal which are sent to the antenna for broadcast
Interrogator
Broadcast radio signals covering the same azimuth as primary antenna
Secondary radar antenna
Is located in the aircraft
Transponder
Processes transponder replies and send them to the radar display
Decoder
Depicts an electronic presentation of a radar derived information
Radar display
What may cause false targets to appear on a secondary radar display
Transponder operating near obstruction
Ring around
The transponder replies excessively resulting in an arc or circle of replies centered on the radar sight
Ring around
Name three advantages of secondary radar
Less vulnerable to blind spots, provides a longer range then primary, responses are not degraded by weather or ground clutter
Name three disadvantages of secondary radar
It only displays aircraft with transponders, does not provide weather information, return is affected by the aircraft orientation along it’s longitudinal axis
What radar system has to have equipment to be picked up and which one doesn’t
Primary doesn’t have to have equipment, secondary has to have a transponder
Electronically displayed map on the radar display that may depict data such as airports, heliports, runway…
Video map
The study circular motion of an electronic been depicted on the radar display that updates target information and correlates with the rotation of the radar antenna
Radar sweep
