5 LP Separation Flashcards
In air-traffic control, the spacing of an aircraft to achieve their safe and orderly movement in fight and while landing and taking off.
Separation
In radar or non-radar environment, aircraft can be separated how?
Vertically
Laterally
Longitudinally
The minimum longitudinal, lateral, or vertical distance by which aircraft are spaced through the application of air traffic control procedures
Separation minima
A level of constant atmospheric pressure related to a reference Datum of 29.92 inches of mercury. Each is stated in three digits that represent hundreds of feet.
Flight level
All aircraft operating at or above _________MSL shall have altimeter set at ________.
18,000
29.92
Minutes is always
Non radar
Is vertical separation Minnema the same in the radar environment as they are in the non-radar environment?
Yes. It’s the same in both
Vertical separation is expressed in ______
Feet
NEODD
SWEVEN
Mean what
North and east is odd
South and west is even
Separation between aircraft expressed in units of vertical distance.
Vertical separation
Vertical separation laws
Surface up to & including FL410 is
1,000
Except:
Between FL290 upto and including FL410- non-RVSM aircraft - 2,000ft
Vertical
Above FL410 up to & including FL600
2,000
Except:
In oceanic- above FL450- between supersonic and any other aircraft- 4,000ft
Vertical
Above FL600
5,000
RVSM
Reduced vertical separation Minima
What aircraft can be assigned altitude between FL290 and FL410 without RVSM and still requires ______ft vertical separation
- department of defense (DOD) aircraft
- DOD-certified aircraft operated by NASA
- MEDEVAC
- manufacturers aircraft being flown for certification and development
- foreign state aircraft
2,000ft
The lateral spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by requiring an operation on different routes or in different geographical locations
Lateral separation
Clear departing aircraft to fly specified headings which diverge by at least
(Non radar departure divergence)
45 degrees
The longitudinalspacing of aircraft at the same altitude buy a minimum distance expressed in units of time or miles
Longitudinal separation
Courses who’s protected airspace coincident, overlap, or intersect and who’s angular difference is less than 45°
Same courses
Intersecting courses whose angular difference is 45° through 135° inclusive
Crossing courses
Courses who’s protected airspaces are coincided, overlap, or intersect and whosr angular difference is greater than 135° through 180° inclusive
Opposite/reciprocal courses
The longitudinal spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by a minimum distance expressed in units of time or miles
Longitudinal separation
What is the standard minimum for non-radar longitudinal separation
10 min
20 miles
Can use 20 miles if they have DME
Non-radar is always?
Time
Measuring and time is always
Non-radar
What is the minimum degree of divergence that may be assigned for the departure divergence rule?
What type of separation has been applied?
45°
Lateral
What is the minimum longitudinal separation required in miles with both aircraft using DME?
In minutes?
Non radar separation
10 min
20 miles
Radar spacing of aircraft in accordance with established Minima
Radar separation
Radar separation is apply between
Aircraft, aircraft and adjacent airspace, aircraft and obstructions depicted on the radar display
Separation Minima requirements are established for
Terminal,
En route
When both aircraft are less than _____miles from the antenna _____miles of separation is required
Terminal radar
40
3
Both laterally and longitudinally
When either or both aircraft are _____miles or more from the antenna, ____miles separation is required
Terminal radar
40
5
Both laterally and longitudinally
If radar data from more than one radar antenna is presented on a radar display, ______miles separation is required
5
For aircraft at or above FL 600, ____ miles separation is required
En route
10
Both laterally and longitudinally
For aircraft below FL 600, ___miles separation is required
En route
5
Both laterally and longitudinally
The minimum terminal radar separation required for two aircraft 30NM from the antenna is
3 miles
The minimum in route radar separation required for two aircraft below FL 600 is
5 miles
Radar and non radar environment, aircraft can be separated
Vertically, laterally, longitudinally
A means employed by Atc to separate aircraft in terminal areas and in route airspace in the NAS
Visual separation
Three types of visual separation are
Tower visual separation,
radar visual separation,
visual separation used in conjunction with visual approaches
There must be ________ used before and after visual separation has been applied
Another form of separation
Visual separation may also be used up to but not including
FL 180
Controllers may use _____ separation in conjunction with visual ______ procedures
Visual
Approach
Ensure take off role does not begin until a proceeding departing aircraft
Has across the runway end or has turned to avert a conflict
If a category one aircraft is following another category one or category two aircraft ______ feet
Rwy separation
3,000 feet
If a category two aircraft is following either a category one or category II
______feet
Rwy separation
4,500ft
If either aircraft is a category three
______ft
Runway separation
6,000ft
A predetermined maneuver which keeps an aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance from the air traffic control. Also use during ground operations to keep aircraft within a specified area or at a specified point while awaiting further clearance from the air traffic control
Hold procedure
Measures designed to adjust the flow of traffic into a given airspace, along a given route, or bound for a given airport, so as to ensure the most effective utilization of airspace
Flow control
A specified fix identifiable to a pilot by NAVAIDs or visual reference to the ground used as a reference point in establishing and maintaining the position an aircraft while holding
Holding fix
The fix, point, or location to which an aircraft is cleared when issued an air traffic clearance
Clearance limit
The time a pilot can expect to receive clearance beyond a clearance limit
Expect further clearance
EFC
For a tower facility to provide visual separation between two arriving IFR aircraft, the following conditions must exist
Both aircraft must be visually observed by the tower
Holding is used for
Traffic in route, arrival delays, weather at destination, flow control, spacing
What is a standard holding pattern
Right turns, one minute legs (1.5 min above 14,000MSL)
What is a non-standard holding pattern
Left turns,
other than standing timing, or DME leg length
An aircraft is ABEAM a fix, point, or object when that fix, point, or object is approximately ______to the right or left of the aircraft track.
90°
Indicates a general position rather than a precise point
ABEAM
Difference between outbound leg and inbound leg
Outbound leg is the holding side, inbound leg is the route to the holding fix on which the aircraft is to hold
Clear aircraft to hold over different fixes at the same altitude who’s holding pattern airspace____
Areas do not overlap
