10 LP Principles Of Flight Flashcards
What is the primary source of lift
Pressure differential around an airfoil
What is the result of Bernoulli’s principle
Lift
What is a secondary source of lift
And upward force generated by air striking the underside of an airfoiland being deflected downwards
What is generated when an upward force of airstrikes the underside of an airfoil
The secondary source of lift
The primary source of lift on an airfoil is created by a differential in
Pressure
The statement “ the internal pressure of a fluid decreases at the point where the speed of the fluid increases” is a part of
Bernoulli’s principle
The direction of airflow produced by an object moving through the air
Relative wind
The relative wind for an aircraft in-flight flows in a direction ______ with and ______ to the direction of flight
Parallel
Opposite
What determines the direction of relative wind
Actual flight path of the aircraft
What are The three principal airfoils that produce lift on an aircraft
Wing, horizontal tail surfaces, propeller
What are the three parts of an airfoil
Leading edge, trailing edge, chord line
And imaginary straight line drawn from the leading edge to the trailing edge of a cross-section of an airfoil
Chord line
The acute angle formed between the cord line of an airfoil and the direction of the air striking the airfoil
Angle of attack
The curvature of the airfoil from the leading-edge to the trailing edge
The camber
The shape or form of a wing as viewed from above
Wing platform
The four forces affecting flight
Lift weight thrust drag
Upward force created by an airfoil when it is moved through the air
Lift
Downward force which tends to draw all bodies vertically toward the center of the earth
Weight
Man-made force that pulls or pushes the aircraft are there
Thrust
Rear word acting force which resists the forward movement of that airplane through the air
Drag
If Lift is greater than weight
Aircraft will climb
If weight is greater than lift
The aircraft will descend
More thrust =
More drag
Three key properties of the atmosphere that affect air density and aircraft performance
Temperature, altitude, water vapor/humidity
As altitude increases the temperature decreases on average
2°C every thousand feet until the air temperature reaches about 67° at 7 miles above earth
Is cold air denser than warm air?
Yes
A decrease temperature with height
Lapse rate
What is the measurement of 29.92 in inches of _____
Inches of mercury
Pressure ______ with height
Decreases
Lower pressure results in
Less dense air
The altitude in the standard atmosphere corresponding to a particular value of air density
Density altitude
Higher density altitude indicates
Lower density air, thinner air
A device for propelling an aircraft that when rotated, produces by its action on the air, a breast approximately perpendicular to its plane of a rotation
Propeller
What are the three different types of propellers
Adjustable pitch, fixed pitch, controllable pitch
What are the three axes of rotation on an aircraft
Longitudinal axis, role,
lateral axis, pitch,
vertical axis, yaw
An imaginary straight line through the fuselage nose to tail
Longitudinal axis, roll
A line through the wing from wingtip to wingtip
Lateral access, pitch
A line through the center of gravity from top to bottom
Vertical axis, yaw
What do these control
Ailerons
Elevator
Rudder
Controls roll,- longitudinal
moves as the units/controls pitch,- lateral
controls yaw- vertical
A hinge surface normally mounted on out board trailing edge of the wing
Ailerons
The control you control the ______ and _____
Ailerons
Elevator
A hinge surface normally located on the rear of a horizontal stabilizer
The elevator
The aft of the vertical stabilizer
The rudder
How is the rudder controlled
By the rudder pedals on the floor
Small, adjustable, hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the primary control surface
Trim tabs
What is the purpose of trim tabs
To lessen the manual pressure on the controls
Located in board on the wings trailing edge and are used to increase lift
Flaps
The extension of flaps causes an increase in
Drag
What does the cyclic and collective control
Cyclic equals tilt, collective equals pitch
The state a flight where the main rotor system has been turned by the action of relative wind rather than engine power
Auto rotation
When does a stall occur
15-20 degrees
The airfoil reaches a critical angle of attack
Three primary causes of stalls
Insufficient airspeed, excessive violence flight maneuvers, severe wind shear
Three types of icing
Structural Icing,
Pito static system icing,
carburetor Icing
Changes the shape of the airfoil
Structural Icing
What type of icing reduces the fuel/airflow to the engine
Carburetor Icing
Name five aircraft system failures
Electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, engine, engine fire
What type of failure? Some instruments, flaps on some aircraft, radios, navigation and transponder equipment, lights
Electrical failure
What kind of failure? Landing gear, blown tire, wheel off, panel off, flight controls, windshield
Mechanical failure
What kind of failure? Effects landing gear, flaps, brakes on some aircraft
Hydraulic failure
What kind of failure? Engine driven vacuum system for instruments, hydraulic power, electrical power, pressurization, forced landing, loss of altitude
Engine failure
What type of failure is usually controllable
Engine fire
