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Nursing Pharmacology > LP 3 > Flashcards

LP 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Aminoglycosides

A
  • Bactericidal
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2
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?

A
  • N/V, anorexia, rash
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Ototoxicity (earliest sxn is tinnitus)
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3
Q

What are some cautions in using Aminoglycosides?

A
  • Neonates and elderly
  • Pregnancy category D
  • BBW: reduce doses in renal impairment
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4
Q

What are some nursing implications for using aminoglycosides?

A
  • Narrow therapeutic range
    Peak and Trough levels
  • Monitor renal function
  • Monitor hearing
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5
Q

What is use for Carbapenems?

A
  • use for those resistance to other antibiotics
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6
Q

How does Carbapenems work?

A
  • Broad spectrum
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7
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Carbapenems?

A
  • GI issues
  • CNS toxicity
  • anaphylaxis
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8
Q

What are some cautions with Carbapenems?

A
  • Hx of seizures
  • Reduce in impaired renal function
  • cross sensitivity with PCN
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9
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • Broad spectrum
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10
Q

What are Carbapenems similar to?

A
  • Penicillin
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11
Q

What are some side effects of taking Cephalosporins?

A
  • N/ V/ D, abdominal pain, superinfection, anaphylaxis
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12
Q

What are some nursing considerations with using Cephalosporins?

A
  • Most IVs can cause phlebitis
  • watch when it is supposed to be given, it is very specific timing
  • monitor pts on anticoagulants, they can affect bleeding time
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13
Q

What are some things to teach the pt using Cephalosporins?

A
  • take with food

- do not take with antacids because they coat the stomach and disrupt absorbtion

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14
Q

How do Cephalosporins work?

A
  • Broad spectrum- which can have an increased risk for superinfection
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15
Q

How do Fluoroquinolones work?

A
  • broad spectrum

- bactericidal

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16
Q

What are the adverse side effects of using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • N/ V/ D, headaches, dizziness, photosensitivity, CRYSTALURIA
  • Black Box Warning: can cause tendinitis/ tendon rupture****
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17
Q

What are the contraindications of using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • children, pregnant or lactating women
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18
Q

What re some cautions of using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • monitor pts with renal impairment: may need to reduce dosage
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19
Q

What are some nursing considerations for using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • many foods, medications, and herbs interact

- IV has to be given over 60 mins

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20
Q

What are some pt teaching for those using Fluoroquinolones?

A
  • watch the supplement and medication interactions
  • watch for secondary infections because it is a broad spectrum antibiotic
  • be sure to stay hydrated
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21
Q

How do Penicillins work?

A
  • watch for lots of resistance
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22
Q

What are some adverse affects of Penicillins?

A
  • N/ V/ D, rashes, anaphylaxis
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23
Q

What are some cautions with Penicillins?

A
  • impaired renal functions
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24
Q

What are some nursing considerations for those using Penicillins?

A
  • the IV is only stable for 1 hour once it is mixed
  • watch for phlebitis
  • monitor kidney function
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25
Q

What are some things to teach pts using Penicillins?

A
  • some do not take with orange juice
  • most should not be taken with food
  • make sure you have accurate dosage with children
  • watch with superinfections because they broad spectrum
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26
Q

How do Sulfonamides work?

A
  • bacteriostatic

- watch for resistance

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27
Q

What are some adverse side effects of sulfonamides?

A
  • N/ V/ D, crystalluria, photosensitivity, stomatitis, rashes
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28
Q

What are some contraindications with sulfonamides?

A
  • pregnancy
  • under 2 months
  • renal and liver impairment
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29
Q

What are some nursing implications with sulfonamides?

A
  • watch drug and herbal interactions- watch the side effects

- topically apply to dressing and not directly to skin

30
Q

What are some things to teach pts taking sulfonamides?

A
  • keep hydrated
  • stay out of the sun
  • take on an empty stomach
  • broad spectrum
31
Q

How do tetracyclines work?

A
  • broad spectrum

- bacteriostatic

32
Q

What are some adverse effects of tetracyclines?

A
  • N/ V/ D, photosensitivity, increased ICP, superinfections, DAMAGE TO BONES AN TEETH
33
Q

What are some contraindications of those using tetracyclines?

A
  • younger than 8 years old
  • pregnant and lactating
  • renal impairment
34
Q

What are some nursing implications for those using tetracyclines?

A
  • watch food and drug interactions
35
Q

What are some things to teach pts using tetracyclines?

A
  • take on an empty stomach
  • calcium reduces absorption
  • sunscreen
36
Q

How do macrolides work?

A
  • bacteriostatic or bactericidal
37
Q

What are the adverse effects of macrolides?

A
  • N/ V/ D, rashes, p. colitis, hepatotoxicity, CNS alterations (alter emotions and emotional state)
38
Q

What are some cautions with using macrolides?

A
  • watch with lactation

- watch with liver impairment

39
Q

What are some nursing implications with macrolides?

A
  • many drug and herb interactions
  • monitor hearing and though processes
  • monitor IV site
  • watch for liver impairment
40
Q

What are some things to teach pts about using macrolides?

A
  • many interactions with drugs, food and supplements
41
Q

How does Metronidazole (Flagyl) work?

A
  • Bactericidal
41
Q

What are some adverse effects of Metronidazole (Flagyl)?

A
  • confusion, N/ V/ D, metallic taste, rash, seizures, peripheral neuropathy
41
Q

What are some nursing implications for Metronidazole (Flagyl)?

A
  • monitor IV sites, five over 60 mins, do not refrigerate IV formulations, if treating C diff use PO
41
Q

What are some things to teach pts taking Metronidazole (Flagyl)?

A
  • do not take with Alcohol (will cause withdrawal like symptoms), take with food
41
Q

How does Vancomycin work?

A
  • bactericidal
42
Q

What are some adverse effects of Vancomycin?

A
  • N, nephrotoxicity, ototoxcity
43
Q

What are some nursing implications of using Vancomycin?

A
  • monitor peak and trough levels
  • reduce dosage in those with renal impairment
  • run IV slowly to avoid “red man syndrome” (histamine response, redness, rash, increased body temp)
  • monitor for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
44
Q

What is something to watch with Monobactams?

A
  • watch for drug resistance
45
Q

What are some adverse effects of Monobactams?

A
  • N/ V/D, rash, superinfection, allergy
46
Q

What are some nursing implications for those taking Monobactams?

A
  • monitor renal and liver function

- may need to reduce dose with renal and liver impairment

47
Q

What are the most common TB primary meds and what kind of TB are they for?

A
  • isoniazid and rifamipin

- actIve TB requires the use of 2 or more drugs to reduce development of resistance

48
Q

What are second line TB meds used for?

A
  • pts who are unable to tolerate first line drugs

- infected with first line resistance

49
Q

What are some nursing interventions to those taking TB Medications?

A
  • monthly blood needs to be monitored

- pts must stick to regimen

50
Q

What are some things to teach pts taking TB meds?

A
  • do not consume with alcohol
  • take vitamin B6 with Isoniazid
  • Rifampin causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces, sputum, and saliva
  • women should switch to another form of birth control, the pill will be ineffective
51
Q

What is the response to the TB drugs?

A
  • see improvement in 2-3 weeks
  • decrease in fever and cough
  • weight gain
  • no longer contagious once on medication
  • TB is cured after sputum cultures become negative
52
Q

How is rimantadine (anti-viral influenza) used?

A
  • prophylaxis and treatment of influenza
  • decreases flu like symptoms
  • resistance is an issue
53
Q

What are some adverse effects of those using rimantadine (influenza)?

A
  • N/ V, dizziness, hypotension
54
Q

What is a big nursing consideration for rimantadine (influenza)?

A
  • you have to give this within 48 hours of symptoms
55
Q

What are some things to teach pts taking rimantadine (influenza)?

A
  • take with food
56
Q

How does acyclovir (Zovirax) work? (Herpes)

A
  • interrupts viral replication, decreases viral shedding, decrease duration of lesions and pain
57
Q

What are some adverse reactions for those taking acyclovir (Zovirax)? (Herpes)

A
  • malaise, N/V/D
58
Q

What are some nursing implications for acyclovir (Zovirax)? (Herpes)

A
  • IV infuse slowly, monitor IV site
  • topical wear gloves
  • watch those with renal and heart failure
  • watch in pregnancy and lactation
59
Q

What are some things to teach pts on Antiretroviral drugs?

A
  • strict adherence is needed for viral suppression
  • many drugs, herb & supplement interactions
  • regular blood work
60
Q

What are some adverse effects for pts taking Polyenes (parentral)?

A
  • N/V/, GI bleeding, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypotension, severe chills, malaise, generalized pain, blood abnormalities
61
Q

What are some nursing considerations for those taking Polyenes (parentral)?

A
  • monitor kidney function
  • monitor blood counts
  • pre- medicate with acetaminophen or antihistamines
  • monitor vitals
  • slow IV over 2-6 hours
  • light sensitive
62
Q

What are oral Polyenes used for?

A
  • skin, oral, intestinal, and vaginal yeast infections
63
Q

What are the adverse side effects for oral/ topical Polyenes?

A
  • orally: N/V/D

- vaginally: local irritation, burning

64
Q

What are Azoles used for?

A
  • systemic fungal infections
65
Q

What are the adverse side effects of using Azoles?

A
  • N/V/D, abdominal pain, rash, hepatotoxcity
66
Q

What are some nursing implications for those taking Azoles?

A
  • many drug interactions
  • monitor live and renal function
  • IV administer over 1 hour
67
Q

What are some things to teach pts taking Azoles?

A
  • take with food to decrease GI upset

- report yellowing of the eyes, skin and abdominal pain

Nursing Pharmacology (6 decks)

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