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Nursing Pharmacology > LP 1 > Flashcards

LP 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of the biological effects of drugs

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2
Q

Pharmodynamics

A

Drugs actions on target cells and resulting reaction in the body

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3
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A
  • drug movement in the body to achieve action
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4
Q

Four processes important in Pharmacokinetics

A
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
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5
Q

Absorption

A
  • As the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood stream to be circulated.
  • The rate of absorption determines how soon effects will begin
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6
Q

Factors Affecting Absorption

A
  • Rate of dissolution: drugs that have rapid dissolution will have a faster onset
  • Surface Area: the larger the surface area, the faster the drug is absorbed. PO drugs usually absorbed in small intestine (stomach has small surface area).
  • Blood Flow: drugs absorbed most rapidly from sites where blood flow is high
    Presence of food: usually slows absorption of a drug can lead to incomplete absorption
  • Lipid Solubility: highly lipid- soluble drugs are absorbed more rapidly than drugs whose lipid solubility is low
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7
Q

Bioavailability

A
  • how much of the drug reaches the systemic circulation and can act on body cells
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8
Q

Distribution

A
  • The movement of drugs throughout the body, carried by the blood to sites of action, metabolism and excretion
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9
Q

Protein Binding

A
  • Free or unbound drug is active and can cause a pharmalogical response.
  • ** the portion of drug that is bound to protein is inactive because it is not available to receptors**
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10
Q

Metabolism

A
  • method by which drugs are inactivated by the body

- takes place in the liver

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11
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A
  • the drug is sent straight to the liver and then becomes inactive
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12
Q

Liver enzymes

A
  • initially inactive until they are metabolized by the liver, then they become active
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13
Q

Excretion

A
  • elimination of drugs from the body

- most excretion is done by the kidneys

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14
Q

What is critical concentration?

A
  • the amount of a drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect
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15
Q

What is toxic concentration?

A
  • the drug at which toxicity begins to occur
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16
Q

What is onset of action?

A
  • the time it takes for a drug to elicit a therapeutic effect
  • also called the minimum effective concentration
17
Q

What is the peak of action?

A
  • the time when the drug reaches its highest blood or plasma concentration
  • also called the maximum therapeutic response
18
Q

What is the steady state concentration?

A
  • maintaining of a steady concentration in the blood, it takes about 4-5 half lives to achieve
19
Q

What is peak and trough?

A
  • high and low concentrations of medication in the body
20
Q

What is the drug index?

A
  • the margin of safety of a drug
21
Q

What is the window?

A
  • the concentration of the drug in plasma needed for obtaining the desired drug action and having few toxic effects
22
Q

What is the loading dose?

A
  • a large initial dose of the medication given to achieve minimum effective concentration
23
Q

Wha is the maintenance dose?

A
  • quantityof drug needed to keep blood levels at steady state
24
Q

Serum half life

A
  • the time required for the amount of the drug in the body to decrease by 50%
25
Q

Adverse drug reactions

A
  • any undesired responses to drug administration
26
Q

Primary action

A
  • overdose, extension of the drug effects
27
Q

Secondary effects

A
  • undesired effects produced in addition to pharmacological effects
28
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction

A
  • excessive response to primary or secondary effect of the drug
29
Q

Black box warning

A
  • given drugs that may cause serious or life threatening adverse effects
  • required by the FDA
30
Q

Off label use

A

-use of prescriptions for other than their intended use

31
Q

Idiosyncratic reactions

A
  • uncommon, unexpected reaction to the drug
32
Q

Teratogenic

A
  • harmful to the fetus
33
Q

Trade name

A
  • developed by the manufacturer

- example: Advil

34
Q

Generic name

A
  • independent of the manufacturer

- ibuprofen

35
Q

What is know about herbals

A
  • that they are not regulated by the FDA

Nursing Pharmacology (6 decks)

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