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Nursing Pharmacology > LP 10 > Flashcards

LP 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the actions of Narcotic agonists?

A
  • produce analgesia, sedation, and a sense of well being
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2
Q

What are the indications of narcotic agonists?

A
  • relief of severe acute or chronic pain

- analgesia during anesthesia

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3
Q

What is the action of opioid agonists?

A
  • relieves pain by binding to receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues
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4
Q

What are the indications for using opioid agonists?

A
  • used to prevent or relieve acute or chronic pain
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5
Q

What are some adverse side effects of using opioid agonists?

A
  • analgesia, CNS depression, decreased mental and physical activity, respiratory depression, pupil constriction
  • N/V, slow motility, constipation, bowel and biliary spasm, urinary retention
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6
Q

What is a special consideration with opioid agonists in children?

A
  • have another nurse double check your dosages
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7
Q

What are the actions of opioid agonists/antagonists?

A
  • actor on same pain receptors in the CNS interfering with pain transmission
  • lower abuse potential than pure agonists
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8
Q

What are the indications for using opioid agonists/ antagonists?

A
  • moderate to severe pain
  • adjunct to general anesthesia
  • relief of pain during labor and delivery
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9
Q

What are some adverse effects of using opioid Agonist/ antagonist?

A
  • similar to opioid agonists, with more cardiac sxns and hallucinations
  • may produce withdrawal symptoms in people with opioid dependence
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10
Q

What are the actions of narcotic antagonists?

A
  • drugs that bind strongly to opioid receptors, by they do not activate the receptors
  • reverse the effect of opioids
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11
Q

What are the indications of using narcotic antagonists?

A
  • reveres also of the adverse effects of narcotics
  • treat narcotic and/ or alcoholic dependence
  • work very quickly
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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of using narcotic antagonists?

A
  • tachycardia
  • blood pressure changes
  • dysrythmias
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13
Q

What are the nursing implications of narcotic antagonists?

A
  • observe pt closely as duration of action of some narcotics may be longer than that of reversal agent
  • monitor vs
  • observe for reversal of analgesia which may be manifested by N and V, sweating, and tachycardia
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14
Q

What are the actions of Ergot Alkoids (migraine)?

A
  • block alpha adrenergic and serotonin receptor sites in the brain to cause constriction of the cranial nerves
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15
Q

What are the indications for using Ergot Alkoids?

A
  • abortive therapy for migraines or vascular headaches
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16
Q

Why are some adverse effects of taking Ergot Alkoids?

A
  • Cardiovascular: dysrhythmias, Brady or tachycardia, hypertension
  • Musculoskeletal: pain, numbness, weakness
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17
Q

What are some nourishing considerations with Ergot Alkoids?

A
  • do not use with children
  • do not using in pregnancy or lactation
  • do not use with pts with CAD, HTN, PVD
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18
Q

What is the action of Triptans?

A
  • bind to selective serotonin receptor site to cause vasoconstriction of cranial vessels
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19
Q

What are the indications for Triptans?

A
  • treatment of acute migrates and are not used for the prevention of migraines
  • administer at the onset of headache
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20
Q

What are the adverse reactions of Triptans?

A
  • cardiac: alterations in BP, chest pain, shock

- CNS: dizziness vertigo,headache, anxiety and fatigue

21
Q

What are some nursing considerations for using Triptans?

A
  • do not use pregnancy
  • caution in women with lactation
  • caution in pts with renal and hepatic impairment
  • caution using in elderly pts
22
Q

What are some uses for NSAIDS?

A
  • treat mild to moderate pain
  • may be used to lower body temp
  • many of them are OTC
  • many of them are Anti- inflammatory
23
Q

What are the actions of Salicylates (aspirin)?

A
  • acts both centrally and peripherally to block the transmission of pain (block prostaglandins)
  • Anti- pyretic
  • diminish inflammation
  • suppress platelet aggregriation
24
Q

What is a huge warning with children and Salicylates (aspirin)?

A
  • because children can get Reyes syndrome
25
Q

What are some sxn of aspirin toxicity?

A
  • tinnitus, blurred vision, GI distress, renal and respiratory failure
26
Q

What is the action of NSAIDS (Advil)?

A
  • blocks prostaglandin synthesis and inhibits inflammation
27
Q

What are the indications of NSAIDS?

A
  • mild to moderate pain
  • dysmenorrhea
  • RA and osteoarthritis
  • reduces fever
28
Q

Are NSAIDS safe for children?

A
  • yes over 6 months
29
Q

What is one thing to watch for in NSAIDs?

A
  • real impairment
30
Q

Should the parenteral NSAIDs used for long term or short term use?

A

Short term

31
Q

What group or type of people are parenteral NSAIDs good for?

A
  • addicted pts
32
Q

What is the BBW for parenteral NSAIDs?

A
  • GI irritation, renal damage, ulceration and bleeding and perforation, cardiac events
33
Q

What are things to teach pts taking NSAIDs?

A
  • take any of these with food to reduce gastric irritation
  • ok to use during pregnancy
  • r port side effects
  • watch for black stools
34
Q

What are some contraindications of using NSAIDs?

A
  • GI or other bleeding disorders
  • impaired renal fxn
  • chronic alcohol abuse
  • hx of Cardiovascular events
35
Q

What are the actions of Nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen)?

A
  • cast directly on the thermoregulatory cells of the hypothalamus
36
Q

What are the indications of nonnaractic analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen)?

A
  • used to treat pain and fever
  • treat pain and fever associated with a variety of conditions
  • relief of musculoskeletal pain
37
Q

What does nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen) lack?

A
  • Anti-inflammatory activity

- does not cause nausea, vomiting, Gi bleeding, or interfere with blood clotting

38
Q

What are adverse reactions of nonnarcotics analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen)?

A
  • headache, hemolytic anemia, renal dysfunction, skin rash, fever
  • heatotoxicity
39
Q

What are some nursing considerations/ pt teaching with nonnarcotic analgesic antipyretics (acetaminophen)?

A
  • effective for treating mild to moderate pain
  • reduces fever in children and adults
  • DO NOT EXCEED 4 grams in 24 hours (for alcoholics it is no more than 2 grams in 24 hours)
  • effective for pain and fever but not inflammations
40
Q

What is the action of Mitotic agents (Anti- gout)?

A
  • may interfere with WBC migration to affected area decreasing inflammatory r poise to irate crystals
41
Q

What is the indication for Mitotic agents (anti- gout)?

A
  • to prevent gout attacks
42
Q

What are some side effects of Mitotic agents (anti- gout)?

A
  • leukopenia, N/V, diarrhea, GI pain, anemia, alopecia, bone marrow depression, hepatotoxicity
43
Q

What are some nursing considerations for Mitotic agents (anti- gout)?

A
  • watch blood counts

- watch for GI complaints

44
Q

What are the actions of Uricosuric agents (anti- gout)?

A
  • inhibits the enzyme responsible for uric acid
45
Q

What are the side effects of using Urcosuric agents (anti- gout)?

A
  • drowsiness, headache, vertigo, rashes, liver toxicity, N/V, diarrhea, pain
  • agranulocytosis, anemia, bone marrow depression
46
Q

What are a nursing considerations/ pt teaching with Uricosuric agents (anti- gout)?

A
  • many drug interactions
47
Q

What are actions of skeletal muscle relaxants (Flexeril)?

A
  • reduce skeletal muscle spasm by depressing CNS producing relaxation at brain stem and spinal cord
48
Q

What are some adverse effects of using muscle relaxants (Flexeril)?

A
  • drowsiness, dizziness, and anti- cholinergic effects
49
Q

What are some things to be cautious about when using muscle relaxants?

A
  • cardiac conditions, urinary retention, glaucoma, hepatic impairment

Nursing Pharmacology (6 decks)

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