Lozenges + Lip Balms Flashcards
another name for medicated lozenges
troches
**what can the therapeutic action be in a troche
local OR systemic
name 2 local actions of troches
anesthetic and antitussive
how can troches be used for systemic action
when used buccally - against the cheek
2 major advantages of troches**
-you don’t need to drink water for administration
-extends the time that the drug is in the oral cavity, to give slow prolonged effect
true or false
medicated lozenges are easy to prepare with a minimum amount of equipment and time
true
2 disadvantages of troches
-can be mistaken as candy by kids
-not ubiquitous distribution throughout the saliva when given for local therapy
name 4 types of lozenges
hard candy
soft
chewable
compressed tablet
***explain the composition, moisture content, and temp of hard candy lozenges
composition: mixtures of sugars and other carbs in amorphous or glassy state
moisture content: LOW - between 0.5-1.5%
prepared at HIGH TEMPS by heating sugars and other ingredients and pouring into molds
**what drugs are NOT suitable for hard candy lozenge formulations and why
HEAT-LABILE DRUGS
bc they are prepared at high temps
**explain what happens when card candy lozenges are placed in the mouth
they undergo slow and uniform DISSOLUTION/EROSION over 5-10 mins and DO NOT DISINTEGRATE!!!
TRUE OR FALSE
hard candy lozenges disintegrate
FALSE
dissolve/erode over 5-10 mins
DO NOT DISINTEGRATE
explain the components in hard lozenges
base (corn syrup)
sweetening agent
acids (to enhance flavor)
colors, flavors
active med
in hard lozenges, the active medication is ______% of the total weight
2-4%
how are soft lozenges taken by the patient
for chewing or slow dissolution in the mouth
explain the bases that soft lozenges can be made of
PEG 1000 or 1450 with acacia OR fatty base sometimes (chocolate) – but not used often bc not hydrophilic
as mentioned, for soft lozenges, the base can be PEG 1000 or PEG 1450 with acacia base
why is acacia used?
to provide texture and smoothness
sometimes ___ is used as a ______ to avoid the settling of materials in a soft candy lozenge and assures the materials are distributed nicely throughout the base
silica gel
suspensing agent
true or false
all PEGs are water soluble
true
in preparing SOFT lozenges, what are the ingredients heated to?*
only about 50 degrees celsius
just need to heat gently - has PEG and already pretty soft ingredients
important consideration when using PEG as a base for soft candy lozenges
does this also apply to chocolate bases?
the mold cavity must be overfilled bc PEG contracts when it cools down!!!!
NOT required for chocolate base bc it doesnt shrink
**Drug A is sensitive to heat and degrades when over 80 degrees celsius
what type of lozenge should be made?
SOFT CANDY
dont have to heat as much
what is used as the base in chewable lozenges?
a caramel base – combo of sugar and corn syrup at 1:1 or 3:1 ratio
name 3 ingredients (besides base and the medication) that are needed in a chewable lozenge
whipping agent
humectant
lubricant
***what is the purpose of a whipping agent and give 3 examples
to incorporate air into the formulation to give it a soft chew for a chewable lozenge
egg albumin
gelatin
xanthan gum
why are humectant and lubricants added to chewable lozenges
humectants - improve the chew and the way it feels in the mouth. slows the evaporation of water
lubricants - to avoid sticking to the teeth
give 2 examples of humectants used in chewable lozenges and 2 examples of lubricants used in chewable lozenges
humectants – propylene glycol and sorbitol
lubricants - vegetable OILS and FATS
what is the approximate concentration of the medication in a CHEWABLE LOZENGE
pretty high - 35-40%
explain how chewable lozenges are prepared
base cooked at 95-125 degrees C, transferred to sigma blade mixture. allowed to cool and all ingredients are added at decreasing temperatures
candies are formed by ROPE FORMING
what are seeding crystals
added to chewable lozenges
3-10% fine powdered sugar to speed up crystallization
what is the BEST option for a lozenge in which the medication is heat sensitive
BEST option is compressed tablet lozenges bc they dont have to be heated AT ALL
prepared like compressed tablets
*****compressed tablets and compressed tablet LOZENGES are prepared similarly but have different desirable properties.
explain this
for regular compressed tablets, you want disintegration and quick dissolution in order for absorption to occur in the GI fluid
HOWEVER, for lozenges, we can NO DISINTEGRATION AND SLOWWWWWWW DISSOLUTION
name some ingredients in compressed tablet lozenges
similar to regular compressed tab;et
base, binders, lubricants, colors, flavors
why are lubricants added to compressed tablet lozenges and give some examples
to improve the flow of the mixture
magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, PEG
name 2 binders that can be used in compressed tablet lozenges
acacia and corn syrup
2 method of compressed tablet lozenge preparation
direct compression or wet granulation
why is a moisture analysis done as quality control for lozenges
dont want too much moisture - potential for microbial contamination
true or false
lozenges should undergo rapid dissolution and NO disintegration
FALSE - should be SLOWWW dissolution and NO disintegration
what is the “cooling check” portion of lozenge quality control
inspect to make sure no cracking due to rapid cooling
explain how lozenges should be packaged and why
they are HYGROSCOPIC
therefore, individually wrapped and need multiple packaging
individually wrapped in polymeric moisture barrier material and placed in TIGHT, MOISTURE RESISTANT CONTAINER with an overwrapping of foil or cellophane
lozenges should be stored away from….
extreme humidity and temperature
