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Compounding Exam 2 > Lozenges + Lip Balms > Flashcards

Lozenges + Lip Balms Flashcards

1
Q

another name for medicated lozenges

A

troches

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2
Q

**what can the therapeutic action be in a troche

A

local OR systemic

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3
Q

name 2 local actions of troches

A

anesthetic and antitussive

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4
Q

how can troches be used for systemic action

A

when used buccally - against the cheek

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5
Q

2 major advantages of troches**

A

-you don’t need to drink water for administration

-extends the time that the drug is in the oral cavity, to give slow prolonged effect

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6
Q

true or false

medicated lozenges are easy to prepare with a minimum amount of equipment and time

A

true

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7
Q

2 disadvantages of troches

A

-can be mistaken as candy by kids

-not ubiquitous distribution throughout the saliva when given for local therapy

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8
Q

name 4 types of lozenges

A

hard candy

soft

chewable

compressed tablet

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9
Q

***explain the composition, moisture content, and temp of hard candy lozenges

A

composition: mixtures of sugars and other carbs in amorphous or glassy state

moisture content: LOW - between 0.5-1.5%

prepared at HIGH TEMPS by heating sugars and other ingredients and pouring into molds

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10
Q

**what drugs are NOT suitable for hard candy lozenge formulations and why

A

HEAT-LABILE DRUGS

bc they are prepared at high temps

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11
Q

**explain what happens when card candy lozenges are placed in the mouth

A

they undergo slow and uniform DISSOLUTION/EROSION over 5-10 mins and DO NOT DISINTEGRATE!!!

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

hard candy lozenges disintegrate

A

FALSE

dissolve/erode over 5-10 mins

DO NOT DISINTEGRATE

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13
Q

explain the components in hard lozenges

A

base (corn syrup)
sweetening agent
acids (to enhance flavor)
colors, flavors
active med

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14
Q

in hard lozenges, the active medication is ______% of the total weight

A

2-4%

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15
Q

how are soft lozenges taken by the patient

A

for chewing or slow dissolution in the mouth

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16
Q

explain the bases that soft lozenges can be made of

A

PEG 1000 or 1450 with acacia OR fatty base sometimes (chocolate) – but not used often bc not hydrophilic

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17
Q

as mentioned, for soft lozenges, the base can be PEG 1000 or PEG 1450 with acacia base

why is acacia used?

A

to provide texture and smoothness

18
Q

sometimes ___ is used as a ______ to avoid the settling of materials in a soft candy lozenge and assures the materials are distributed nicely throughout the base

A

silica gel
suspensing agent

19
Q

true or false

all PEGs are water soluble

A

true

20
Q

in preparing SOFT lozenges, what are the ingredients heated to?*

A

only about 50 degrees celsius

just need to heat gently - has PEG and already pretty soft ingredients

21
Q

important consideration when using PEG as a base for soft candy lozenges

does this also apply to chocolate bases?

A

the mold cavity must be overfilled bc PEG contracts when it cools down!!!!

NOT required for chocolate base bc it doesnt shrink

22
Q

**Drug A is sensitive to heat and degrades when over 80 degrees celsius

what type of lozenge should be made?

A

SOFT CANDY

dont have to heat as much

23
Q

what is used as the base in chewable lozenges?

A

a caramel base – combo of sugar and corn syrup at 1:1 or 3:1 ratio

24
Q

name 3 ingredients (besides base and the medication) that are needed in a chewable lozenge

A

whipping agent
humectant
lubricant

25
Q

***what is the purpose of a whipping agent and give 3 examples

A

to incorporate air into the formulation to give it a soft chew for a chewable lozenge

egg albumin
gelatin
xanthan gum

26
Q

why are humectant and lubricants added to chewable lozenges

A

humectants - improve the chew and the way it feels in the mouth. slows the evaporation of water

lubricants - to avoid sticking to the teeth

27
Q

give 2 examples of humectants used in chewable lozenges and 2 examples of lubricants used in chewable lozenges

A

humectants – propylene glycol and sorbitol

lubricants - vegetable OILS and FATS

28
Q

what is the approximate concentration of the medication in a CHEWABLE LOZENGE

A

pretty high - 35-40%

29
Q

explain how chewable lozenges are prepared

A

base cooked at 95-125 degrees C, transferred to sigma blade mixture. allowed to cool and all ingredients are added at decreasing temperatures

candies are formed by ROPE FORMING

30
Q

what are seeding crystals

A

added to chewable lozenges

3-10% fine powdered sugar to speed up crystallization

31
Q

what is the BEST option for a lozenge in which the medication is heat sensitive

A

BEST option is compressed tablet lozenges bc they dont have to be heated AT ALL

prepared like compressed tablets

32
Q

*****compressed tablets and compressed tablet LOZENGES are prepared similarly but have different desirable properties.

explain this

A

for regular compressed tablets, you want disintegration and quick dissolution in order for absorption to occur in the GI fluid

HOWEVER, for lozenges, we can NO DISINTEGRATION AND SLOWWWWWWW DISSOLUTION

33
Q

name some ingredients in compressed tablet lozenges

A

similar to regular compressed tab;et

base, binders, lubricants, colors, flavors

34
Q

why are lubricants added to compressed tablet lozenges and give some examples

A

to improve the flow of the mixture

magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, PEG

35
Q

name 2 binders that can be used in compressed tablet lozenges

A

acacia and corn syrup

36
Q

2 method of compressed tablet lozenge preparation

A

direct compression or wet granulation

37
Q

why is a moisture analysis done as quality control for lozenges

A

dont want too much moisture - potential for microbial contamination

38
Q

true or false

lozenges should undergo rapid dissolution and NO disintegration

A

FALSE - should be SLOWWW dissolution and NO disintegration

39
Q

what is the “cooling check” portion of lozenge quality control

A

inspect to make sure no cracking due to rapid cooling

40
Q

explain how lozenges should be packaged and why

A

they are HYGROSCOPIC

therefore, individually wrapped and need multiple packaging

individually wrapped in polymeric moisture barrier material and placed in TIGHT, MOISTURE RESISTANT CONTAINER with an overwrapping of foil or cellophane

41
Q

lozenges should be stored away from….

A

extreme humidity and temperature

42
Q
A

Compounding Exam 2 (9 decks)

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