Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma

Question 1

Urothelial Carcinoma Most Common Location and Presentation

Answer 1

Bladder, painless hematuria

Question 2

Urothelial Carcinoma 4 Big Risk Factors

Answer 2

Smoking
Azo dyes/hairdresser chemicals
Long term phenacatin or cyclophosphamide

Question 3

Flat vs. Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma - progression and mutations

Answer 3

Starts as high grade flat tumor then invades and has early p53 mut
vs.
Starts as low grade papillary, then high grade, then invades and isn’t associated with early p53 mut

Question 4

Field Defect

Answer 4

Chemical exposures causing urothelial carcinomas hit the entire area, so the tumor is often multifocal and recurs

Question 5

Squamos Cell Carcinoma Risk Factor

Answer 5

Chronic inflammation/irritation causes squamos metaplasia, so like chronic Schistosomiasis, nephrolithiasis, or chronic cystitis and shit

Question 6

Adenocarcinoma Source and Location

Answer 6

From urachal remnant, in dome of the bladder