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Renal > Lower Urinary Tract Anatomy and Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Urinary Tract Anatomy and Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Do the ureters pass through the false pelvis/true pelvis or both?

A

Both

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2
Q

Where is included in the false pelvis?

A

From iliac crests to pelvic inlet

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3
Q

The false pelvis is part of what cavity? What type of viscera does it contain?

A

Abdominal cavity, containing abdominal viscera

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4
Q

Where is included in the true pelvis (pelvic cavity)?

A

Pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor

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5
Q

The true pelvis contains what type of viscera?

A

Pelvic viscera

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6
Q

In terms of the pelvis, where is the bladder found?

A

True pelvis (pelvic cavity)

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7
Q

What separates the true and false pelvis?

A

Pelvic inlet

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8
Q

What is the main pelvic floor muscle?

A

Levator ani

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9
Q

The urethra passes through where to get into the perineum?

A

Pelvic floor

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10
Q

Holes in the pelvic floor allow viscera to enter where?

A

Perineum

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11
Q

To enter the pelvis, the ureters pass where in relation to the common iliac artery?

A

Anterior

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12
Q

What happens to the ureters at the level of the ischial spine?

A

They turn medial to enter the posterior aspect of the bladder

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13
Q

In terms of where it takes place, the route of the pelvic ureters is described as what? What does this mean?

A

Sub-peritoneal (below the peritoneal cavity)

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14
Q

The ureters enter the posterior bladder wall in what direction? What is the function of this?

A

Inferomedial- helps prevent reflux of urine when the bladder contracts

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15
Q

What is the rectovesicle pouch?

A

The most inferior part of the MALE peritoneal cavity when in the anatomical position (between bladder and rectum)

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16
Q

The round ligament of the uterus attaches the uterus to the perineum via what?

A

Inguinal canal

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17
Q

Where is the vesicouterine pouch found?

A

In females only, between the uterus and bladder

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18
Q

What is the rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)?

A

The most inferior part of the FEMALE peritoneal cavity when in the anatomical position (between uterus and rectum)

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19
Q

The inferior part of the parietal peritoneum forms what?

A

The floor of the peritoneal cavity and a roof over the pelvic organs

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20
Q

Where does the ureter run in relation to the uterine tubes and uterine artery?

A

Inferior

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21
Q

Where does the ureter run in relation to the vas deferens?

A

Inferior and deep

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22
Q

What structure must be cut in gynaecological surgery, which is closely related to the ureter?

A

Uterine artery

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23
Q

Arteries entering the pelvis are mainly branches from where? Veins mainly drain to where?

A

Internal iliac artery/vein

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24
Q

Where do the vesicle arteries supply?

A

The bladder

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25
Q

In males, what are often branches of the vesicle artery?

A

Prostate arteries

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26
Q

Where does the prostate sit in relation to the bladder?

A

Inferior

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27
Q

What does the external iliac artery go on to become?

A

Femoral artery

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28
Q

On the internal aspect of the bladder, there is a triangular shape known as what? What 3 structures make up the points?

A

Trigone: 2 ureteric orifaces and 1 internal urethral oriface

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29
Q

Where are the ureteric orifaces in the bladder?

A

The base- posterior aspect

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30
Q

Where is the internal urethral oriface in the bladder?

A

The floor

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31
Q

What is the lining of the trigone like, compared to the rest of the bladder?

A

It is very smooth, unlike the rest of the bladder which is not

32
Q

What muscles are found around the ureteric orifices and form most of the bladder wall, which tighten when the bladder contracts to prevent reflux?

A

Detrusor muscles

33
Q

At the neck of the MALE bladder, the detrusor muscle fibres form what?

A

Internal urethral sphincter

34
Q

What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

A

Contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen back into the bladder

35
Q

What is the most anterior organ in the pelvis?

A

Bladder

36
Q

Where is the uterus in relation to the bladder?

A

Superior

37
Q

When is the bladder within the true and false pelvis?

A

When empty = true pelvis, when full = true and false pelvis

38
Q

What aspect of the bladder is covered by peritoneum?

A

Superior

39
Q

What forms the external urethral sphincter?

A

Skeletal muscle circularly arranged around the urethra

40
Q

Is the urethra in the pelvis, perineum or both?

A

Both

41
Q

What part of the urethra is known as the spongey urethra?

A

The part passing through the penis (in the corpus spongiosum)

42
Q

After passing through the inguinal canal, where does the vas deferens enter?

A

Abdominal cavity

43
Q

The vas deferens combines with what other structure to form the ejaculatory duct?

A

Seminal gland

44
Q

The ejaculatory duct passes into where, to join the urethra? What forms here?

A

Prostate- the prostatic urethra

45
Q

Where do the testes move to and from during development?

A

Posterior abdominal wall, through the inguinal canal, to the scrotum

46
Q

Autonomic nerves from the spermatic cord supply what?

A

Smooth muscle of the VD

47
Q

Somatic nerves from the spermatic cord supply what?

A

Cremaster muscle

48
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

A

Venous drainage from the testicle

49
Q

Inside the scrotum, the testis sit in a sac known as what?

A

Tunica vaginalis

50
Q

Excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis is known as what?

A

Hydrocele

51
Q

What is the function of the vas deferens?

A

Transports sperm

52
Q

What can happen if there is testicular torsion?

A

Cut off the blood supply from testicular artery causing severe pain and necrosis of the testicle

53
Q

Give 5 structures which are passing through the deep inguinal ring?

A

Testicular artery, testicular vein, vas deferens, lymphatics and nerves

54
Q

What is the common name for the testicular/ovarian artery/vein?

A

Gonadal artery/vein

55
Q

The gonadal arteries are branches of where?

A

Abdominal aorta

56
Q

The left gonadal vein drains to where?

A

Left renal vein

57
Q

The right gonadal vein drains to where?

A

IVC

58
Q

Where is the epididymis palpated?

A

Posterior aspect of the testes

59
Q

Where is the vas deferens palpated?

A

Within the spermatic cord in the scrotum, superior to the testes

60
Q

Sperm are produced where? They will then pass into where for storage?

A

Seminiferous tubules, then into epididymis

61
Q

Where does sperm pass to after the epididymis?

A

VD

62
Q

Once the VD is in the abdomen, in what direction does it pass in relation to the bladder?

A

Posterior

63
Q

At what structure will the VD turn medial into the pelvis?

A

Deep inguinal ring

64
Q

Secretions from the prostate gland drain into where?

A

Prostatic urethra

65
Q

The inferior aspect of the prostate is in contact with what structure?

A

Levator ani

66
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by which two structures?

A

Vas deferens and seminal gland

67
Q

Where does the ejaculatory duct enter?

A

Prostatic urethra

68
Q

Most prostate cancers arise in which zone of the gland?

A

Peripheral zone

69
Q

The penis is within where?

A

The perineum

70
Q

What part of the penis erectile tissue is found posteriorly? What is the function of this part?

A

Right and left corpus cavernosum- transmits the deep arteries of the penis

71
Q

What part of the penis erectile tissue is found anteriorly? What is the function of this part?

A

Corpus spongiosum- transmits the spongey urethra and expands distally to form the glans

72
Q

The root of the penis is laterally attached to which bone?

A

Ischium of pelvis

73
Q

Arterial blood supply to the penis is from where?

A

Deep arteries of the penis, branch of internal pudenal artery, branch of internal iliac artery

74
Q

Arterial blood to the scrotum is from where?

A

Internal pudenal artery and branches of the external iliac artery

75
Q

Lymph from the scrotum and most of penis (not glans) drains to where?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

76
Q

Where are superficial inguinal nodes found?

A

Superficial fascia in the groin

77
Q

Lymph from the testes drains to where? Why?

A

Lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta due to its embryological origin

Renal (8 decks)

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