Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2. Respiratory Medicine (Lectures) > Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Flashcards

1
Q

What infection is associated with A?

A

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What infection is associated with B?

A

Bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What infection is associated with C?

A

Empyema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What infection is associated with D?

A

Bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What infection is associated with E?

A

Tracheitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are common bacterial infective agents?

A

Strep pneumoniae

Haemophillus influence

Moraxella catarrhalis

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Chlamydia pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are common viral infective agents?

A

RSV

Parainfluenza III

Influenza A and B

Adenovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the principles of patient management?

A

Make a diagnosis

Assess the patient

Decide to treat or not to treat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infections increasing or decreasing?

A

Increasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How common is tracheitis?

A

Uncommon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can tracheitis be described as?

A

Croup which does not get better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are symptoms of tracheitis?

A

Fever

Sick child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is tracheitis usually caused by?

A

Staph or strep invasive infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does tracheitis lead to struggling to breath?

A

Swollen tracheal wall and luminal debris narrows the tracheal lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How common is bronchitis?

A

Common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are symptoms/signs of bronchitis?

A

Loose rattly cough with upper respiratory tract infection

Poast-tussive vomit

Chest free of wheeze/creps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is bronchitis usually caused by?

A

Haemophilus

Pneumococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why does bacterial bronchitis cause problems?

A

Disturbed mucociliary clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of infection is bacterial bronchitis normally?

A

Secondary infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How long can a cough last for with bronchitis?

A

25 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a typical natural history of bacterial bronchitis?

A

Following upper respiratory tract infection

Lasts 4 weeks

60-80% respond

First winter bad

Second winter better

Third winter fine

Caused by pneumococcus/H flu

22
Q

What should you do when you see persistant bacterial bronchitis?

A

1) Make the diagnosis
2) Reassure
3) Do not treat

23
Q

Who does bronchiolitis normally affect?

A

Infants

24
Q

What percentage of all infants does bronchiolotis affect?

A

30-40%

25
Q

What is bronchiolitis normally caused by?

A

RSV

Paraflu

HMPV

26
Q

What are symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A

Nasal stuffiness

Tachypnoea

Poor feeding

Crackles

Maybe wheeze

27
Q

What long can brionchiolitis last?

A

More than 16 days

28
Q

When do RSV cases peak?

A

During winter, especially around winter

29
Q

What is usually seen when diagnosis bronchiolitis?

A

<12 months old

One of (not recurrent)

Typical history

30
Q

What is the management of bronchiolitis?

A

Maximal observation

Minimal intervention

31
Q

What investigations should be done for bronchiolitis?

A

Nasopharyngeal asparate (NPA)

Oxygen saturations

32
Q

What medication is proven to work for bronchiolitis?

A

None

33
Q

What are common symptoms for lower respiratory tract infections?

A

Fever (>38.5oC)

Shortness of breath

Cough

Grunting

Reduced or bronchial breath sounds

Wheeze if viral

34
Q

If a wheeze is heard in a lower respiratory tract infection what does it make unlikely?

A

Bacterial infection

35
Q

What can be said about the word pneumonia?

A

It causes great anxiety

36
Q

What are chest X-rays only used for with pneumonia?

A

To support clinical findings

37
Q

What is not routine for community acquired pneumonia?

A

Chest X-ray

Inflammatory markers

38
Q

What does the management of community acquired pneumonia involve?

A

Nothing if the symptoms are mild

Oral amoxicillin first line

Oral macrolide second choice

Only use IV if vomiting

39
Q

When should you use an IV antibiotic for pneumonia?

A

If the patient is vomiting

40
Q

What medicines are the first and seconds lines for community acquired pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin is first line

Macrolide is second line

41
Q

What are advantages of oral antibiotics vs IV?

A

Shorter hospital stay

Cheaper

42
Q

What is the advantage of IV antibiotics instead of oral?

A

Fever cleared quicker

43
Q

When should you use oral antibiotics?

A

Antiobiotics are indicated

Non-severe lower respiratory tract infection

Child is not vomiting

44
Q

What is pertussis also known as?

A

Whooping cough

45
Q

What is the other name for whooping cough?

A

Pertussis

46
Q

How common is pertussis?

A

Common

47
Q

What reduces the risk and severity of pertussis?

A

Vaccination

48
Q

What are symptoms of pertussis?

A

Coughing fits

Vomiting

Colour change

49
Q

What is empyaema?

A

Extension of infection into pleural space

50
Q

What is a possible complication of pneumonia?

A

Empyema

51
Q

What are the symptoms of empyema?

A

Chest pain

Very unwell

52
Q

What is the prognosis of empyema like in children compared to adults?

A

Very good in children compared to adults

2. Respiratory Medicine (Lectures) (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions