Lower Respiratory Tract - General Information

Question 1

Use of Lower Respiratory Tract Agents Across the Lifespan: Children

Answer 1

Incidence of asthma increasing

Avoidance of allergens, smoke, crowds, dusty areas

Theophylline only if nothing else works

Treatment changes as the child grows

Patient education for the older child

Question 2

Use of Lower Respiratory Tract Agents Across the Lifespan: Adults

Answer 2

Avoidance of aggravating factors/triggers

Periodic review of treatment regimen

Periodic spirometry

Safety in pregnancy and lactation has not been established

Question 3

Use of Lower Respiratory Tract Agents Across the Lifespan: Older Adults

Answer 3

These medications are used frequently in this population

More likely to experience adverse effects:
Sedation, Dizziness, Confusion
Urinary retention
CV effects

Renal and hepatic impairment can alter metabolism and excretion

Start low, go slow

Close monitoring

Question 4

Adjuvant therapy

Answer 4

Pulmonary toileting
Positioning
Fluids
Nutrition
Humidification
Rest
Activity plans
Support for complicated drug regimen

Question 5

Bronchodilators/Antiasthmatics

3 classes are:

Answer 5

Xanthines
Sympathomimetics
Anticholinergics

Question 6

Bronchodilators/Antiasthmatics used for:

Answer 6

Dilates the airways
Medications are used for asthma or bronchospasm
Oral or nebulizers
Asthma severity varies
Medications are used for prevention or acute attacks/exacerbations
Best treatment is the one the patient responds to
Combo therapy may be needed