Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards
What does the lower respiratory tract consist of? (LRT)
Trachea, main primary bronchi and its branches, lungs and pleurae
Where does the the LRT receive motor innervation from?
Sympathetic fibers via pulmonary plexus and parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerve
What does the arterial supply of the LRT arise via?
Bronchial arteries arising from the thoracic aorta and intercostal arteries
Where does the bronchial vein drain into?
They drain to the azygos vein system
The trachea is the continuation of the larynx at what vertebral level?
T6
What vertebral level does the trachea extend inferiority to?
T4 (sternal angle)
How many hyaline cartilage rings comprise the trachea?
20
What is the muscle that completes the cartilage rings of the trachea?
Trachealis muscle
Does the trachealis muscle lie anterior or posteriorly to the trachea?
Posteriorly
What is the name of the final keel shaped cartillage rings at the bifurcation of the trachea called?
Carina
What are the arteries that lie immediately lateral to the trachea?
Carotid arteries
What is the nerve that lies immediately lateral to the trachea?
Vagus nerve
What are the grooves lying between the trachea and esophagus on both sides called?
Tracheo-esophageal grooves
At what vertebral level does the trachea divide into 2 main bronchi?
T4
What are the 2 major arteries which arch over the left main bronchus?
Aorta and the pulmonary artery
The right main bronchus gives off a branch just before entering the lung. What is this branch known as?
Epartierial / superior lobar bronchus
Name 2 features found on the left lung which is not found on the right lung.
Presence of cardiac notch and lingula
On which lung surface is the hilum found?
Medial / mediastinal
What is the hilum of the lung?
An area found on the surface of the lung where vessels and nerves enter and leave the lung
What is the root of the lung?
The blood vessels and nerves which enter the lung from the hilum
What 4 structures constitute the hilum of the lung?
Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Superior pulmonary vein
Inferior pulmonary vein
What fascial membrane covers the apex of the lung?
Cervical pleura
Within the hilum, which structure is most posterior and anterior?
Bronchi posterior
Superior pulmonary vein
Within the hilum, what structure is most superior and inferior?
Pulmonary artery - superior
Inferior pulmonary vein - inferior
What is situated above the pulmonary artery in the hilum of the right lung?
Eparterial bronchus
What is situated below the pulmonary artery in the hilum of the right lung?
Hyparterial bronchus
What is clustered around the veins at the hilum?
Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
Concerning the pulmonary circulation, from the right atrium where is blood pumped through?
Tricuspid valve
Concerning the pulmonary circulation, where is blood pumped through when it leaves the right ventricle?
The pulmonary valve
