Lower Respiratory System Health Challanges Flashcards
Top signs of respiratory distress
-abnormal respirations
-Tachypnea
-Bradypnea
-Apnea
-retractions/accessory muscle use
-Head bobbing, position of comfort
-Nasal flaring
-Grunting
-Colour change (pale or cyanotic
-poor aeration
Respiratory distress definition
An inability to maintain gas exchange
Bronchiectasis
A chronic condition where the walls of the bronchi are thickened from inflammation and infection
Chest tube
A plastic tube that is inserted into the pleural space of the lung to
-Remove air or fluid
-to help lung re-expand
(Can also be inserted into mediastinum space (under sternum) to drain fluid from the heart after cardiac surgery).
Pulmonary edema
-often caused by congestive heart failure
-heart is not able to pump blood efficiently, blood backs up into the veins that take blood through the lungs, fluid is pushed into the alveoli
Pulmonary hypertension
The pressure in the blood vessels leading from the heart to the lungs is too high
Cor pulmonale
A condition that causes the right side of the heart to fail. Can be caused by long term high blood pressure in the arteries of the lung and right ventricle of the heart.
Acute bronchitis
An inflammation of the bronchi in the lower Respiratory tract usually cause by infection. Mostly viral.
Acute bronchitis symptoms
Most common symptom is a presistent cough.
Acute bronchitis TX
Fluids
Rest
Anti-inflammatory agents
Acute bronchitis; expectorants and mutolytic agents
Expectorants loosen bronchial secretions that can then be expelled by coughing.
Mucolytics this out bronchial mucus.
Expectorants and mucolytic agents; side effects
-gi irritant
-rash
-oropharyngeal irritation
Expectorants and mucolytic agents; interventions
-take with a full glass of water, maintain adequate fluid intake
-encourage client to cough and breathe deeply
-Acetylcystine should not be mixed with other meds if given via nebulizer
Acute bronchitis; antitussives
Act on cough Center in medulla to suppress cough reflex
Antitussives; side effects
Constipation
Respiratory depression
Antitussives; interventions
-notify HCP if cough last longer than a week
-maintain adequate fluid intake
-sleep with HOB elevated
Pneumonia
Infection and inflammation of the pulmonary tissue, including the interstitial spaces, the alveoli and the bronchioles caused by various microorganisms.
Pneumonia; classifications
-Community acquired
-Hospital acquired
-Fungal
-Opportunistic (immunocompromised)
-aspiration
Pneumonia; etiology
-normal defends mechanisms
-factors predisposing to pneumonia
-Acquisition of organisms
Pneumonia; diagnosis
-chest x-ray shows consolidation, pulmonary infiltrates or pleural effusions
-Positive sputum culture
-^WBC and sedimentation rate
Pneumonia; CM
-pyrexia and chills
-pleuritic pain
-tachypnea
-rhonchi/wheezes
-Accessory muscle use
-Mental status change
-Sputum production
Pneumonia; collaborative care
-oxygen therapy/chest physio
-pneumococcal vaccine
-drug therapy
-nutritional and fluid therapy
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (public health problem Canada and WW)
Pulmonary Tuberculosis; transmission
Airborne droplets
Tuberculosis; CM
-Asymptomatic
-fatigue, weightloss, feaver, chills, night sweats
-Mucus cough, hemoptysis
-Chest tightness and pain
-Enalrged and painful lymphnodes
-Egophony,fremitus
-finished bronchial sounds and crackles
Tuberculosis; diagnosis
-Tuberculin skin testing
-Chest radiography study
-Bacteriological studies
Asthma; risk factors and etiology
-allergens
-respritory infections
-Nose and sinus issues
-Drugs and food additives
-GERD
-Air pollutants
-Emotional stress
Asthma; treatment
-Avoid triggers
-rescue medication (fast acting B2 agonists, ex salbutamol)
-Short acting B2 agonists
-inhaled corticosteroids
-Longterm prednisone if asthma is difficult to control
-Anticholinergics (ex ipratropium)
Covid; common symptoms
-Fever
-Chills
-New or worsening cough
-Fatigue or myalgia
-Headache
-GI upset
Covid; less frequent symptoms
-SOB
-Sore throat
-painful/difficulty swallowing
-conjunctivitis
-Delirium
-Loss of appetite
-loss of smell or taste
Covid; rare symptoms
-Skin CM
-Confusion
-Runny/stuffy nose
-Eye CM
Current Covid variants of concern in Canada
-Alpha
-Beta
-Gamma
-Delta
Covid; urgent symptoms
-Trouble breathing or severe SOB
-Persistent pressure or pain in chest
-New confusion or altered level of consciousness
-inability to wake or stay awake
-Pale, gray, or blue coloured skin, lips, or nail beds
Covid; incubation period
2-14 days
Covid; key treatment
-Antibiotics
-Antivirals
-Monitoring and fluid
-Steroids
-O2
-Convalescent plasma
Blunt trauma
-Body struck by a blunt object
-External injury may appear minor but can mask life-threatening internal Injuries
-countercoup trauma
Penetrating trauma
Foreign body impales or passes through the body tissues
Pneumothorax
Presence of air in pleural space