Fractures Flashcards
Soft tissue injuries
Soft tissue injuries is damage to the muscle, tendons and ligaments
-Contusions
-Sprains and strains
-Dislocations and subluxations
Contusions, sprains, and strains; treatment
-Rest
-Ice
-Compressikn
-Evelate
Joint dislocations; Collaborative management
-Confirm by x ray
-Reduction
-Pain management
Joint dislocations; nursing management
-Assess Nerovascular status
•CMS
-Protect joint
•immobilize
Neurovascular assessment
Circulation
-Assess the colour of the skin
-Assess temperature
-Assess capillary refill
-Assess peripheral pulse if accessible
Motor
-Assess movement of involved fingers and toes
•Radial, medial, ulnar
•Peroneal, tibial
-Assess for presence of pain with movement
Sensation
-Assess presence and abnormal sensation
-Pressure, pinprick and temperature discrimination
Fractures
-Disruption or break in continuity of the structure of bone
-Majority of fractures from traumatic injuries
-Some fractures secondary to disease process
•Cancer or osteoporosis-known as pathological
Avulsion fracture
A fracture in which a fragment of bone has been pulled away by a tendon and it’s attachment
Commiuted fracture
A fracture in which bone has splintered into several fragments
Compression fracture
A fracture in which bone has been compressed (seen in vertebral fractures)
Depressed fracture
A fracture in which fragments are driven inwards (see frequently in fractures of skull and facial bones)
Epiphyseal fracture
A fracture through the epiphysis
Greenstick fracture
A fracture in which one side of a bone is broken and the other side is bent
Impacted fracture
A fracture in which a bone fragment is driven into another bone fragment
Oblique fracture
A fracture occluding at an angle across the bone (less stable than transverse fracture)
Open fracture
A fracture in which also involves the skin or mucus membranes, also called a compound fracture
Pathological fracture
A fracture that occurs through an area of diseased bone (eg osteoporosis, bone cyst, pagers disease) can o occur without trauma or fall
Simple fracture
A fracture that remains contained, with no disruption of the skin integrity
Spiral fracture
A fracture that shifts around the shaft of the bone
Stress fracture
A fracture that results from repeated loading of bone and muscle
Transverse fracture
A fracture that is straight across the bone shaft
With fractures adjacent structures are damaged
-Soft tissue edema
-Bleed into muscles and joints
-Joint dislocations
-Ruptured tendons, severed nerves
-Damage to blood vessels
-Body organs may be damaged by force that causes the fracture
Fractures; clinical manifestations
-Pain
-Loss of function
-Guarding
-+- deformity
+- shortening of the extremity
-Crepitus
-Local swelling and discolouration
-Patient usually reports injury to the area
Fractures; initial management
-Stabilize limb and support above & below site
•assess neurovascular status before and after splinting
-Open fracture: cover with sterile dressing to prevent contamination
-Remove clothing from unaffected side first
Fractures; collaborative care
-Anatomical realignment of bone fragments
-Immobilization to maintain realignment
-Restoration of normal or near-normal function of injured parts
-Prevention of infection (open fractures)