Lower Respiratory System Flashcards
short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea.
Larynx
Larynx lies in the?
midline of the neck anterior to the esophagus and the fourth through sixth cervical vertebrae (C4–C6).
Three occur singly:
- thyroid / Adam’s apple
- epiglottis
- cricoid cartilage
Three occur in pairs:
- arytenoid
- cuneiform
- corniculate
space that extends from the entrance into the larynx down to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
Cavity of the larynx
portion of the cavity of the larynx above the vestibular folds
Laryngeal vestibule
portion of the cavity of the larynx below the vocal folds
Infraglottic cavity
consists of two fused plates of hyaline cartilage that form the anterior wall of the larynx and give it a triangular shape.
Thyroid cartilage
Adam’s apple
Thyroid cartilage
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Thyroid or adam’s apple are present in both males and females. Equal in size for both male and female
A. TT
B. TF
C. FT
D. FF
B. True first statement
False second statement
connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
large, leafshaped piece of elastic cartilage that is covered with epithelium.
Epiglottis
tapered inferior portion that is attached to the anterior rim of the thyroid cartilage.
Stem of the epiglottis
is unattached and is free to move up and down like a trap door.
Leaf portion of the epiglottis
During swallowing, the pharynx and larynx???
Rise
Elevation of the pharynx….?
widens epiglottis to receive food or drink
elevation of the larynx…?
causes the epiglottis to move down and form a lid over the glottis, closing it off .
a.)……..? consists of a pair of folds of mucous membrane, the vocal folds in the larynx, and the space between them called the b)……?
A. Glottis
B. Rima glottidis
a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx
Cricoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage is attached to the first ring of cartilage of the trachea by the…?
cricotracheal ligament
is connected to the cricoid cartilage by the cricothyroid ligament.
Thyroid cartilage
The a.)…….? is the landmark for making an emergency airway called a b.)…..?????
A. Cricoid cartilage
B. tracheotomy
Triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior, superior border of cricoid cartilage. They form synovial joints with the cricoid cartilage and have a wide range of mobility.
Arytenoid cartilages
horn-shaped pieces of elastic cartilage located at the apex of each arytenoid cartilage.
Corniculate cartilages
club-shaped; support the vocal folds and lateral aspects of the epiglottis.
Cuneiform cartilages
false vocal cords
Vestibular folds
true vocal cords
Vocal folds
located anterior to the esophagus and extends from the larynx to the superior border of the fifth thoracic vertebra (T5)
Trachea
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and an underlying layer of lamina propria that contains elastic and reticular fibers.
Mucosa
consisting of areolar connective tissue that contains seromucous glands and their ducts
Submucosa
16–20 horizontal rings of hyaline cartilage resembling the letter C provide a semi rigid support for patency and prevents obstruction
Hyaline cartilage
joins the trachea to surrounding tissues.
adventitia
Bronchi are lined by?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
the trachea divides into?
right main (primary)bronchus
left main (primary) bronchus
right main (primary)bronchus goes into the?
Right lung
left main (primary) bronchus goes into the?
left lung
What is the point division of the trachea and bronchi?
carina
main bronchi divide to form smaller bronchi called?
lobar (secondary) bronchi
How many lobes does the right lung have?
Three
How many lobes does the left lung has?
two
lobar bronchi continue to branch, forming still smaller bronchi, called ?
segmental (tertiary) bronchi
segmental (tertiary) bronchi then divide into?
Bronchioles
bronchioles which in turn branch repeatedly, into the smallest tubes called as ?
terminal bronchioles
terminal bronchioles, subdividing into microscopic branches called ?
respiratory bronchioles.
extensive branching from the trachea through the terminal bronchioles resembles an inverted tree, commonly referred to as the?
Bronchial tree
main, lobar and segmental bronchi are lined with ?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium
The main, lobar and segmental bronchi are lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium which then changes to?
simple ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
smaller bronchioles are lined with ?
simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium with no goblet cells
The lining then shifts to mostly …..? in the terminal bronchioles.
simple non-ciliated cuboidal epithelium
paired cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity
Lungs
The lungs is surrounded by?
pleurae
What is the narrow superior tip of the lung?
Apex
What is the concave, inferior surface of the lung that rests on the diaphragm ?
Base
The lung is enclosed and protected by a double-layered serous membrane called?
pleural membrane or pleura
It lines the wall of the thoracic cavity
Parietal pleura
It is the deep layer that covers the lungs themselves
Visceral pleura
A small space between the visceral and parietal pleurae and contains small amount of lubricating fluid
Pleural cavity
Inflammation of the pleural membrane
Pleurisy
matches the rounded curvature of the ribs.
Costal surface
a) ……? of each lung contains a region, the b) …….? , through which bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, lymphatic
vessels, and nerves enter and exit
A. mediastinal (medial) surface
B. Hilum
Where do the apex(tip) of the heart lies?
cardiac notch
Contains numerous hairs
Vestibule
Contains conchae and meatuses
Respiratory region
Functions in olfaction
Olfactory region
