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Anaphy Lab > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

consists of a group of organs that break down the food we eat into smaller molecules that can be used by body cells

A

Digestive System

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2
Q

2 GROUPS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
  • Accessory Digestive System
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3
Q

continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus through the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

A

Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract/ Alimentary Canal

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4
Q

GI TRACT INCLUDES?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

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5
Q

How long is GI tract

A

5-7 meters
7-9 in cadavers

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6
Q

food is masticated and converted into a bolus by insalivation

A

Mouth

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7
Q

are the organs of swallowing

A

Pharynx and Esophagus

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8
Q

digestive process begins

A

Stomach

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9
Q

digestive process is completed

A

Small intestine

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10
Q

an organ of egestion and water absorption that terminates at the anus.

A

Large Intestine

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11
Q

Accessory Digestive System include the:

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

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12
Q

aid in the physical breakdown of food

A

teeth

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13
Q

assists in chewing and swallowing.

A

tongue

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14
Q

FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:

A

Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, and defecation

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15
Q

taking food into mouth.

A

ingestion

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16
Q

release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into lumen of GI tract.

A

secretion

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17
Q

churning and movement of food through GI tract.

A

mixing and propulsion

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18
Q

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

A

digestion

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19
Q

2 types of digestion

A

Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

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20
Q

churns food

A

mechanical digestion

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21
Q

hydrolysis

A

chemical digestion

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22
Q

passage of digested products from GI tract into blood and lymph.

A

absorption

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23
Q

elimination of feces from GI tract.

A

defecation

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24
Q

LAYERS OF THE GI TRACT FROM INNER TO OUTER

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Mucosae
Serosa

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25
Q

Mucosa is composed of:

A

(1)layer of epithelium in direct contact with the contents of the GI tract

(2)layer of connective tissue called the lamina propria

(3)a thin layer of smooth muscle (muscularis mucosae).

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26
Q

protection, secretion, absorption

A

epithelum

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27
Q

epithelium in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and anal canal is mainly

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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28
Q

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium that serves a

A

protective function.

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29
Q

Simple columnar epithelium function as

A

secretion and absorption, lines the stomach and intestines.

30
Q

firmly seal neighboring simple columnar epithelial cells to one another restrict leakage between the cells.

A

Tight junction

31
Q

secrete mucus and fluid into the lumen of the tract

A

exocrine cells

32
Q

secrete hormones

A

enteroendocrine cells

33
Q

areolar connective tissue containing many blood and lymphatic vessels

A

lamina propria

34
Q

routes by which nutrients absorbed into the GI tract reach the other tissues of the body.

A

lamina propria

35
Q

supports the epithelium and binds it to the muscularis mucosae

A

lamina propria

36
Q

prominent lymphatic nodules contain immune system cells that protect against disease.

A

MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHATIC TISSUE (MALT)

37
Q

throws the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine into many small folds, which increase the surface
area for digestion and absorption.

A

Muscularis mucosae

38
Q

consists of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis.

A

submucosa

39
Q

located in the submucosa is an extensive network of neurons known as

A

submucosal plexus

40
Q

contains skeletal muscle that produces voluntary swallowing.

A

Muscularis

41
Q

permits voluntary control of defecation.

A

external anal sphincter

42
Q

Throughout the rest of the tract, the muscularis consists of smooth muscle that is generally found in two sheets:

A

inner sheet of circular fibers and an outer sheet of longitudinal fibers.

43
Q

help break down food, mix it with digestive secretions, and propel it along the tract.

A

Involuntary contractions of the smooth muscle

44
Q

Between the layers of the muscularis is a second plexus of neurons, the

A

myenteric plexus

45
Q

Those portions of the GI tract that are suspended in the abdominal cavity have a superficial layer called

A

serosa

46
Q

serosa is a serous membrane composed of

A

areolar connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium).

47
Q

esophagus lacks a

A

serosa

48
Q

Intrinsic set of nerves “brain of the gut”

A

enteric nervous system

49
Q

The neurons of the ENS are arranged into two plexuses:

A

1.Myenteric plexus (plexus of Auerbach)

2.Submucosal plexus (plexus of Meissner

50
Q

located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis and GI tract motility

A

Myenteric plexus (plexus of Auerbach)

51
Q
  • found within the submucosa.
  • controlling secretions
A

Submucosal plexus (plexus of Meissner

52
Q

The wall of the GI tract contains two major types of sensory receptors:

A

chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

53
Q

respond to certain chemicals in the food present in the lumen

A

chemoreceptors

54
Q

activated when food distends (stretches) the wall of a GI organ.

A

mechanoreceptors

55
Q

Extrinsic set of nerves

A

Autonomic Nervous System

56
Q

increases secretion and activity by stimulating ENS

A

Parasympathetic stimulation

57
Q

decreases secretions and activity by inhibiting ENS

A

Sympathetic stimulation

58
Q

supply parasympathetic fibers to most parts of the GI tract

A

vagus (X) nerves

59
Q

supply the GI tract form neural connections with the ENS.

A

parasympathetic nerves

60
Q

largest serous membrane of the body

A

Peritoneum

61
Q

Peritoneum is divided into:

A

Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum

61
Q

Peritoneum consists of a layer of

A

simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

62
Q

lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

62
Q

covers some of the organs in the cavity and is their serosa

A

Visceral peritoneum

63
Q

5 MAJOR PERITONEAL FOLDS:

A

Greater omentum, falciform ligament, lesser omentum, mesentery, and mesocolon

64
Q

-longest peritoneal fold
-folds back on itself, giving it a total of four layers.
-contains a considerable amount of adipose tissue.

A

Greater omentum

65
Q

contribute macrophages and antibody-producing plasma cells that help combat and contain infections of the GI tract.

A

lymph nodes

66
Q

attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.

A

Falciform ligament

67
Q

only digestive organ that is attached to the anterior abdominal wall.

A

liver

68
Q
A

Anaphy Lab (3 decks)

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