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Human needs 2 Test 2 > Lower Respiratory > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrition

A
  • adequate hydration

- high calorie, small, frequent meals

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2
Q

Prevent Pneumonia

A
  • elevate HOB 30 degree
  • reposition every 2 hr
  • strict adherence to ventilator bundle
  • early mobilization
  • twice daily oral hygiene
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3
Q

Tuberculosis symptoms

A
  • chronic productive cough
  • malaise, fatigue
  • weight loss
  • advanced: hemoptysis
  • afternoon fever
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4
Q

Tuberculosis care

A

Airborne isolation

  • 6-12 airflow exchanges/hr
  • HEPA masks
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5
Q

Tuberculosis Ambulatory Care

A
  • can go home with positive cultures
  • monthly cultures
  • minimize cultures
  • negative cultures = not infectious
  • smoking cessation
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6
Q

Pneumothorax manifestations

A
  • mild tachycardia and dyspnea to severe respiratory distress
  • absent breath sounds
  • X-rays
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7
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax

A
  • rupture of blebs
  • can occur in healthy or chronically ill
  • risk factors
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8
Q

Iatrogenic pneumothorax

A

Caused by medical procedures

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9
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A
  • accumulation of air in pleural space
  • causes mediastinal shift and hemodynamic instability
  • open or closed
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10
Q

Hemothorax and Pneumothorax treatment

A

Chest tube to water seal drainage

  • surgery for spontaneous repeated pneumothorax
  • urgent needle decompression for tension pneumothorax
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11
Q

Chylothorax

A

Lymphatic fluid in pleural space

-treat with meds, surgery, or pleuridesis

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12
Q

Penetrating chest wound

A

Air enters during inspiration

-vent dressing used (secured on 3 sides)

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13
Q

Rib fractures

A

Most common ribs 5-9

  • pain, splinting, shallow respiration’s
  • acetectasis and pneumonia
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14
Q

Rib fractures treatment

A
  • no strapping or binding
  • deep breathing or coughing
  • incentive spirometer
  • analgesics
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15
Q

Flail chest treatment

A
  • adequate airway and ventilation
  • oxygen therapy
  • analgesia
  • surgical fixation
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16
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Secondary to collection of blood in pericardial sac, prevent ventricular filling

  • muffled, distant heart sounds, hypotension, neck vein distention, increased CVP
  • emergent pericardiocentesis
17
Q

Chest Trauma Emergency Management

A
  • assess for signs of respiratory distress
  • assess for cardiovascular compromise
  • ABC
  • O2
  • IV
  • semi-Fowler’s position or on injured side
18
Q

Chest tubes and pleural drainage

A

Remove air or fluid

  • reestablishes negative pressure
  • reexpands lungs
  • bubbling = air leak
  • tidaling = changes in pressure
19
Q

Flutter Heimlich Valve

A

One way valve

  • opens when intrathoracic pressure > atmospheric pressure
  • emergency transport and small-moderate pneumothorax
  • increased patient mobility
  • vent any attached drainage bag
20
Q

Water suction control

A
  • excess suction from source vented

- adjust until gentle bubbling in 3rd chamber

21
Q

Dry suction

A
  • no water
  • dial in desired negative pressure
  • must vent when decreasing pressure
22
Q

Chest tube and drainage complications

A
  • reexpansion pulmonary edema
  • vasovagal respinse
  • emphysema
23
Q

If the following occurs within the first hr notify the HCP

A
  • drainage > 200 ml
  • subcutaneous emphysema
  • respiratory distress
24
Q

Chest tubes and drainage management

A
  • don’t elevate above chest
  • report > 100 ml/hr
  • overturned: exhale and cough
  • don’t clamp
  • break: place distal end in sterile water
25
Q

Chest tube removal

A
  • vasalva maneuver
  • occlusive dressing
  • chest X-ray
26
Q

Pulmonary embolism manifestations

A
  • dyspnea

- tachypnea, cough, chest pain, hemoptysis

27
Q

Pulmonary edema complications

A 
Pulmonary infarction 
-alveolar necrosis/hemorrhage
-abscess
-pleural effusion
Pulmonary HTN
-results from hypoxemia
-right ventricular hypertrophy
28
Q

Pulmonary edema care

A
  • semi Fowler’s
  • oxygen
  • frequent assessments
  • IV
29
Q

Pulmonary edema teaching

A
  • Long term anticoagulant

- prevent DVT

Human needs 2 Test 2 (5 decks)

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