Lower Limbs

Question 1

Which external rotator muscle of the hip does not attach to the greater trochanter of the femur?

Answer 1

Quadratus femoris - intertrochantric crest

Question 2

Sartorious - function

Answer 2

Tailor’s muscle: Rememer “sartor” comes from “tailor”
- tailors used to sit cross-legged
- Therefore:** hip flexion, external rotation, and abduction**

Question 3

Adductor muscles mnemonic

Answer 3

3 Ducks Pecking Grass
* 3 adductor’s (brevis, longus, magnus)
* Pecking - pectineus
* Grass - Gracilis

Question 4

Anterior muscles of the lower leg

Answer 4

EXTENSORS (dorsiflexion is ankle extension)
Tibialis anterior (most medial)
Extensor hallucis longus (big toe)
Extensor digitorum longus (rest of the digits)

Question 5

Lateral muscles of the lower leg + Function

Answer 5

Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
Function = Eversion

Question 6

SUPERFICIAL posterior muscles of the lower leg

Answer 6

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

Question 7

Where do the quadriceps femoris attach distally?

Answer 7

Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 8

Nerve innervation of the 5 hip adductor muscles

Answer 8

Adductor brevis - obturator n.
Adductor longus - obturator n.
Adductor magnus - obturator n. & sciatic n.
Pectineus - femoral n.
Gracilis - obturator n.

Question 9

Where do the hamstrings attach - proximally & distally

Answer 9

All attach proximally to ischial tuberosity
Distal attachments:
* Biceps femoris - head of fibular
* Semitendinosus - medial condyle of tibia
* semimembranosus - pes anserinus of medial tibia

Question 10

Innervation of the ant. compartment of leg (ankle extensors)

Answer 10

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve - from common fibular nerve

Question 11

Innervation of lateral compartment of leg

Answer 11

Superficial fibular (peroneal) n. - branch of common fibular n.

Question 12

Innervation of posterior compartment of leg (ankle flexors)

Answer 12

Tibial n. - division of sciatic n.

Question 13

Piriformis vs Pectineus

Answer 13

Piriformis - external rotator (gluteal region)
Pectineus - adductor

Question 14

Femoral triangle mnemonic

Answer 14

NAVEL:
* Nerve
* Artery
* Vein
* Empty
* Lymphatics

Question 15

Where does the sciatic nerve bifurcate? and what does it divide into?

Answer 15

Bifurcates at the apex of the popliteal fossa

Divides into:
- tibial nerve
- common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 16

Popliteal fossa boundaries

Answer 16

• Upper boundaries:
  
  • Laterally: Biceps femoris (common fibular nerve behind it).
  • Medially: Semimembranosus (tendon of semitendinosus behind it)
• Lower boundaries:
  
  • Laterally: lateral head of gastrocnemius.
  • Medially: medial head of the gastrocnemius.

Question 17

Popliteal fossa contents

Answer 17

• tibial n. (most superficial)
• popliteal v.
• popliteal a.

Question 18

Popliteal artery origin (+where), branches

Answer 18

• Origin: continuation of femoral artery at adductor hiatus in adductor magnus
• Branches: terminates at lower border of popliteal muscle into posterior and anterior tibial arteries

Question 19

Bones of foot

Answer 19

Tiger Cubs Need MILC
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Medial cunieform
Intermediate cunieform
Lateral cunieform
Cuboid

Question 20

Femoral triangle borders

Answer 20

Superior border: inguinal ligament
Lateral border: sartorious
Medial border: adductor longus

Question 21

Innervation of gluteal muscles

Answer 21

Gluteus maximus - inf. gluteal n.
Gluteus medius & minimus - sup. gluteal n.
TFL - sup. gluteal n.

Question 22

tib. ant., ehl, edl

Innervation of anterior (extensors) of lower leg

Answer 22

Deep fibular n. (from common fibular)

Question 23

Innervation of lateral compartment of lower leg

Answer 23

Superficial fibular n. (from common fibular n.)

Question 24

Adductor muscles origin

Answer 24

pubis
Add. brevis - body & inf. ramus
Add. longus - pubic body
Add. magnus - inf. ramus

Question 25

gluteal muscles origin

Answer 25

ilium - gluteal lines

Question 26

piriformis origin + insertion

Answer 26

origin - sacrum
insertion - greater trochanter