Lower Limbs Flashcards
Which external rotator muscle of the hip does not attach to the greater trochanter of the femur?
Quadratus femoris - intertrochantric crest
Sartorious - function
Tailor’s muscle: Rememer “sartor” comes from “tailor”
- tailors used to sit cross-legged
- Therefore:** hip flexion, external rotation, and abduction**
Adductor muscles mnemonic
3 Ducks Pecking Grass
* 3 adductor’s (brevis, longus, magnus)
* Pecking - pectineus
* Grass - Gracilis
Anterior muscles of the lower leg
EXTENSORS (dorsiflexion is ankle extension)
Tibialis anterior (most medial)
Extensor hallucis longus (big toe)
Extensor digitorum longus (rest of the digits)
Lateral muscles of the lower leg + Function
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
Function = Eversion
SUPERFICIAL posterior muscles of the lower leg
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Where do the quadriceps femoris attach distally?
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Nerve innervation of the 5 hip adductor muscles
Adductor brevis - obturator n.
Adductor longus - obturator n.
Adductor magnus - obturator n. & sciatic n.
Pectineus - femoral n.
Gracilis - obturator n.
Where do the hamstrings attach - proximally & distally
All attach proximally to ischial tuberosity
Distal attachments:
* Biceps femoris - head of fibular
* Semitendinosus - medial condyle of tibia
* semimembranosus - pes anserinus of medial tibia
Innervation of the ant. compartment of leg (ankle extensors)
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve - from common fibular nerve
Innervation of lateral compartment of leg
Superficial fibular (peroneal) n. - branch of common fibular n.
Innervation of posterior compartment of leg (ankle flexors)
Tibial n. - division of sciatic n.
Piriformis vs Pectineus
Piriformis - external rotator (gluteal region)
Pectineus - adductor
Femoral triangle mnemonic
NAVEL:
* Nerve
* Artery
* Vein
* Empty
* Lymphatics
Where does the sciatic nerve bifurcate? and what does it divide into?
Bifurcates at the apex of the popliteal fossa
Divides into:
- tibial nerve
- common fibular (peroneal) nerve
Popliteal fossa boundaries
- Upper boundaries:
- Laterally: Biceps femoris (common fibular nerve behind it).
- Medially: Semimembranosus (tendon of semitendinosus behind it)
- Lower boundaries:
- Laterally: lateral head of gastrocnemius.
- Medially: medial head of the gastrocnemius.
Popliteal fossa contents
- tibial n. (most superficial)
- popliteal v.
- popliteal a.
Popliteal artery origin (+where), branches
- Origin: continuation of femoral artery at adductor hiatus in adductor magnus
- Branches: terminates at lower border of popliteal muscle into posterior and anterior tibial arteries
Bones of foot
Tiger Cubs Need MILC
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Medial cunieform
Intermediate cunieform
Lateral cunieform
Cuboid
Femoral triangle borders
Superior border: inguinal ligament
Lateral border: sartorious
Medial border: adductor longus
Innervation of gluteal muscles
Gluteus maximus - inf. gluteal n.
Gluteus medius & minimus - sup. gluteal n.
TFL - sup. gluteal n.
tib. ant., ehl, edl
Innervation of anterior (extensors) of lower leg
Deep fibular n. (from common fibular)
Innervation of lateral compartment of lower leg
Superficial fibular n. (from common fibular n.)
Adductor muscles origin
pubis
Add. brevis - body & inf. ramus
Add. longus - pubic body
Add. magnus - inf. ramus
gluteal muscles origin
ilium - gluteal lines
piriformis origin + insertion
origin - sacrum
insertion - greater trochanter
