Lower Limb - Muscles Flashcards
Vastus muscles
Origin - greater trochanter and lateral side of femur (lateralis), anterior surface of shaft of femur (intermedius) and intertrochanteric line and medial side of femur (medialis).
Insertion - base of patella via quadriceps tendon
Innervation - femoral nerve
Action - extension at the knee
Rectus femoris
Origin - anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
Insertion - base of patella via quadriceps tendon
Innervation - femoral nerve
Action - flexion at the hip and extension at the knee
Sartorius
Origin - anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion - superior medial part of the tibia
Innervation - femoral nerve
Action - flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the hip and flexes the knee (tailors position).
Pectineus
Origin - superior ramus of pubis
Insertion - pectineal line of femur
Innervation - femoral and obturator nerves
Action - flexion and adduction of the hip
Iliopsoas
Origin - sides and transverse processes of L1-5 (psoas major) and iliac fossa and crest (iliacus)
Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation - anterior rami of L1-3 (psoas major) and femoral nerve (iliacus)
Action - flexion at the hip
Adductor Magnus
Origin - inferior rami of pubis (adductor part) and ischial tuberosity (hamstring part).
Insertion - Linea aspera (adductor part) and adductor tubercule (hamstring part) of the femur
Innervation - obturator nerve (adductor part) and tibial nerve (hamstring part)
Action - adducts thigh. Hamstring part extends thigh. Adductor part flexes thigh.
Adductor longus
Origin - body of pubis
Insertion - Linea aspera of femur
Innervation - obturator nerve
Action - adducts thigh
Adductor brevis
Origin - body and inferior rami of pubis
Insertion - proximal part of Linea aspera of femur
Innervation - obturator nerve
Action - adducts thigh
Obturator externus
Origin - membrane of obturator foramen
Insertion - posterior part of the greater trochanter
Innervation - obturator nerve
Action - laterally rotates the thigh
Gracilis
Origin - inferior rami and body of the pubis
Insertion - superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
Innervation - obturator nerve
Action - adduction at the hip and flexion and medial rotation at the knee
Gluteus maximus
Origin - gluteal surface of the ilium behind the posterior gluteal line, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion - iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity
Innervation - inferior gluteal nerve
Action - extends thigh (especially from flexed position) and laterally rotates hip
Gluteus medius
Origin - gluteal surface of the ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion - lateral surface of greater trochanter
Innervation - superior gluteal nerve
Action - abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when the opposite leg is lifted.
Gluteus minimus
Origin - gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion - anterior side of the greater trochanter
Innervation - superior gluteal nerve
Action - abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when the opposite leg is lifted
Tensor fascia lata
Origin - ASIS and anterior part of the iliac crest
Insertion - iliotibial tract, which inserts into the lateral condyle of the tibia
Innervation - superior gluteal nerve
Action - abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is lifted.
Piriformis
Origin - anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion - superior border of the greater trochanter (via greater sciatic foramen)
Innervation - branches of anterior rami S1-S2
Action - laterally rotates extended thigh. Abducts flexed thigh. Steadies femoral head in acetabulum.
Obturator internus
Origin - pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
Insertion - medial surface of greater trochanter (via lesser sciatic foramen)
Innervation - nerve to obturator internus
Action - laterally rotates extended thigh. Abducts flexed thigh. Steadies femoral head in acetabulum.
The gemelli
Origin - ischial spine (superior) and ischial tuberosity (inferior)
Insertion - medial side of the greater trochanter
Innervation - nerve to obturator internus (superior) and nerve to quadratus femoris (inferior)
Action - laterally rotates extended thigh. Abducts flexed thigh. Steadies femoral head in acetabulum.
Quadratus femoris
Origin - lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion - quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest
Innervation - nerve to quadratus femoris
Action - lateral rotation and stabilises the head of the femur in the acetabulum.
Biceps femoris
Origin - ischial tuberosity (long head) and Linea aspera (short head)
Insertion - lateral side of head of fibula
Innervation - Tibial part of sciatic nerve (long head) and common fibularis part of sciatic nerve (short head)
Action - flexion (main) and external rotation at the knee and extension at the hip
Semitendinosus
Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - medial surface of superior tibia
Innervation - tibial part of sciatic nerve
Action - extension at the hip and flexion and medial rotation at the knee
Semimembranous
Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - posterior part of the medial condyle of the tibia
Innervation - tibial part of sciatic nerve
Action - extension at the hip and flexion and medial rotation at the knee
Tibialis anterior
Origin - lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
Insertion - medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Innervation - deep fibular nerve
Action - main dorsiflexor of ankle and inverts the foot
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin - lateral condyle of tibia, medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion - middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Innervation - deep fibular nerve
Action - extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin - middle anterior fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion - base of distal phalanx of great toe
Innervation - deep fibular nerve
Action - extends great toe and dorsiflexes foot
Peroneus tertius
Origin - anterior surface of distal fibula
Insertion - base of 5th metatarsal
Innervation - deep fibular nerve
Action - dorsiflexes ankle and eversion of foot
Peroneal longus
Origin - superior lateral surface of fibula
Insertion - medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
Innervation - superficial fibular nerve
Action - eversion and plantar flexion of the foot
Peroneal brevis
Origin - inferior and lateral surface of the fibular shaft
Insertion - tuberosity of base of metatarsal 5
Innervation - superficial fibular nerve
Action - eversion of the foot
Gastrocnemius
Origin - lateral femoral condyle (lateral head) and medial femoral condyle (medial head)
Insertion - posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - plantarflexes ankle and flexes knee
Soleus
Origin - soleal line of tibia and proximal fibula
Insertion - posterior surface if calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - plantarflexes ankle
Plantaris
Origin - lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion - posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle
Popliteus
Origin - lateral condyle of femur
Insertion - posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - laterally rotates femur on tibia, unlocking knee
Tibialis posterior
Origin - interosseous membrane and adjacent margins of tibia and fibula
Insertion - plantar surfaces of medial tarsal bones
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - inverts and plantarflexes foot
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin - middle third of posterior tibia
Insertion - bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - flexes lateral 4 digits and plantarflexes ankle
Flexor hallucis longus
Origin - distal two thirds of posterior fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion - base of distal phalanx of great toe
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - flexes great toe and plantarflexes foot
