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MSK > Lower Limb - Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Limb - Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Vastus muscles

A

Origin - greater trochanter and lateral side of femur (lateralis), anterior surface of shaft of femur (intermedius) and intertrochanteric line and medial side of femur (medialis).
Insertion - base of patella via quadriceps tendon
Innervation - femoral nerve
Action - extension at the knee

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2
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin - anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
Insertion - base of patella via quadriceps tendon
Innervation - femoral nerve
Action - flexion at the hip and extension at the knee

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3
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin - anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion - superior medial part of the tibia
Innervation - femoral nerve
Action - flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the hip and flexes the knee (tailors position).

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4
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin - superior ramus of pubis
Insertion - pectineal line of femur
Innervation - femoral and obturator nerves
Action - flexion and adduction of the hip

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5
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Origin - sides and transverse processes of L1-5 (psoas major) and iliac fossa and crest (iliacus)
Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation - anterior rami of L1-3 (psoas major) and femoral nerve (iliacus)
Action - flexion at the hip

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6
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Origin - inferior rami of pubis (adductor part) and ischial tuberosity (hamstring part).
Insertion - Linea aspera (adductor part) and adductor tubercule (hamstring part) of the femur
Innervation - obturator nerve (adductor part) and tibial nerve (hamstring part)
Action - adducts thigh. Hamstring part extends thigh. Adductor part flexes thigh.

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7
Q

Adductor longus

A

Origin - body of pubis
Insertion - Linea aspera of femur
Innervation - obturator nerve
Action - adducts thigh

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8
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Origin - body and inferior rami of pubis
Insertion - proximal part of Linea aspera of femur
Innervation - obturator nerve
Action - adducts thigh

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9
Q

Obturator externus

A

Origin - membrane of obturator foramen
Insertion - posterior part of the greater trochanter
Innervation - obturator nerve
Action - laterally rotates the thigh

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10
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin - inferior rami and body of the pubis
Insertion - superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
Innervation - obturator nerve
Action - adduction at the hip and flexion and medial rotation at the knee

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11
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin - gluteal surface of the ilium behind the posterior gluteal line, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion - iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity
Innervation - inferior gluteal nerve
Action - extends thigh (especially from flexed position) and laterally rotates hip

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12
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Origin - gluteal surface of the ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion - lateral surface of greater trochanter
Innervation - superior gluteal nerve
Action - abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when the opposite leg is lifted.

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13
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Origin - gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion - anterior side of the greater trochanter
Innervation - superior gluteal nerve
Action - abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when the opposite leg is lifted

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14
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A

Origin - ASIS and anterior part of the iliac crest
Insertion - iliotibial tract, which inserts into the lateral condyle of the tibia
Innervation - superior gluteal nerve
Action - abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is lifted.

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15
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin - anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion - superior border of the greater trochanter (via greater sciatic foramen)
Innervation - branches of anterior rami S1-S2
Action - laterally rotates extended thigh. Abducts flexed thigh. Steadies femoral head in acetabulum.

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16
Q

Obturator internus

A

Origin - pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
Insertion - medial surface of greater trochanter (via lesser sciatic foramen)
Innervation - nerve to obturator internus
Action - laterally rotates extended thigh. Abducts flexed thigh. Steadies femoral head in acetabulum.

17
Q

The gemelli

A

Origin - ischial spine (superior) and ischial tuberosity (inferior)
Insertion - medial side of the greater trochanter
Innervation - nerve to obturator internus (superior) and nerve to quadratus femoris (inferior)
Action - laterally rotates extended thigh. Abducts flexed thigh. Steadies femoral head in acetabulum.

18
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Origin - lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion - quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest
Innervation - nerve to quadratus femoris
Action - lateral rotation and stabilises the head of the femur in the acetabulum.

19
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Origin - ischial tuberosity (long head) and Linea aspera (short head)
Insertion - lateral side of head of fibula
Innervation - Tibial part of sciatic nerve (long head) and common fibularis part of sciatic nerve (short head)
Action - flexion (main) and external rotation at the knee and extension at the hip

20
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - medial surface of superior tibia
Innervation - tibial part of sciatic nerve
Action - extension at the hip and flexion and medial rotation at the knee

21
Q

Semimembranous

A

Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - posterior part of the medial condyle of the tibia
Innervation - tibial part of sciatic nerve
Action - extension at the hip and flexion and medial rotation at the knee

22
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Origin - lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
Insertion - medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Innervation - deep fibular nerve
Action - main dorsiflexor of ankle and inverts the foot

23
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Origin - lateral condyle of tibia, medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion - middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Innervation - deep fibular nerve
Action - extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle

24
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Origin - middle anterior fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion - base of distal phalanx of great toe
Innervation - deep fibular nerve
Action - extends great toe and dorsiflexes foot

25
Q

Peroneus tertius

A

Origin - anterior surface of distal fibula
Insertion - base of 5th metatarsal
Innervation - deep fibular nerve
Action - dorsiflexes ankle and eversion of foot

26
Q

Peroneal longus

A

Origin - superior lateral surface of fibula
Insertion - medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1
Innervation - superficial fibular nerve
Action - eversion and plantar flexion of the foot

27
Q

Peroneal brevis

A

Origin - inferior and lateral surface of the fibular shaft
Insertion - tuberosity of base of metatarsal 5
Innervation - superficial fibular nerve
Action - eversion of the foot

28
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin - lateral femoral condyle (lateral head) and medial femoral condyle (medial head)
Insertion - posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - plantarflexes ankle and flexes knee

29
Q

Soleus

A

Origin - soleal line of tibia and proximal fibula
Insertion - posterior surface if calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - plantarflexes ankle

30
Q

Plantaris

A

Origin - lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion - posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle

31
Q

Popliteus

A

Origin - lateral condyle of femur
Insertion - posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - laterally rotates femur on tibia, unlocking knee

32
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Origin - interosseous membrane and adjacent margins of tibia and fibula
Insertion - plantar surfaces of medial tarsal bones
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - inverts and plantarflexes foot

33
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Origin - middle third of posterior tibia
Insertion - bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - flexes lateral 4 digits and plantarflexes ankle

34
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Origin - distal two thirds of posterior fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion - base of distal phalanx of great toe
Innervation - tibial nerve
Action - flexes great toe and plantarflexes foot

MSK (16 decks)

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