Lower Limb Muscles Flashcards
Sartorius
ASIS to pes anserinus
Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip, flexes knee
Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas
Transverse process of L4 + L5 (psoas) and iliac fossa (iliacus) to lesser trochanter of femur
Flexes and laterally rotates hip, also flexes torso
Sacral roots
Tensor Fascia Lata
Anterior iliac crest to lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract
Abducts and flexes the thigh at the hip
Superior gluteal nerve
Rectus Femoris
AIIS and superior acetablum (2 heads) to quadriceps tendon at base of patella and tibial tuberosity
Flexes thigh, extends leg at knee
Femoral nerve
Vastus Lateralis
Greater trochanter and linea aspera to the base of the patella via the patellar tendon
Extends leg at the knee
Femoral nerve
Vastus Medialias
Intertrochanteric line to the base of patella via the patellar tendon
Extends leg at knee
Femoral nerve
Vastus Intermedius
Anterior and lateral femur to the base of patella via the patellar tendon
Extends leg at the knee
Femoral nerve
Pectineus
Superior pubic rami to the medial/post. side of femur and linea aspera
Adducts, rotates and flexes thigh at hip
Femoral Nerve
Adductor Longus
Pubis to middle third of linea aspera
Adducts, rotates and flexes thigh at hip
Obturator Nerve
Adductor Brevis
Pubic ramus (inferior) to linea aspera
Adducts, rotates and flexes thigh at hip
Obturator Nerve
Adductor Magnus
Inferior pubic ramus, ischium and ischial tuberosity to linea aspera (oblique) and adductor tuberosity (vertical)
Oblique Head – adducts, rotates and flexes thigh
Vertical Head – extends thigh
Oblique head – obturator nerve
Vertical head – tibial branch of sciatic nerve
Gracilis
Pubis and inferior pubic ramus to pes anserinus
Adducts thigh, flexes and rotates the leg
Obturator Nerve
Gluteus Maximus
Ilum, sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament to the gluteal tuberosity of femur and the IT band
Extends thigh and assists in adduction and lateral rotation
Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Medius
Lateral surface of ilium to the greater trochanter
Abducts thigh at hip and laterally rotates thigh
Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Minimus
Ilium to greater trochanter
Abducts thigh
Superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis
Anterior surface of sacrum to greater trochanter
Laterally rotates thigh and abducts thigh when limb is flexed
Branch of sacral plexus (S1, S2)
Superior Gemellus
Ischial spine to medial greater trochanter
Laterally rotates thigh
Nerve to obturator internus
Obturator Internus
Inside of obturator membrane and foramen to the medial greater trochanter
Laterally rotates thigh and abducts thigh when limb is flexed
Nerve to obturator internus
Inferior Gemellus
Ischial tuberosity to the medial greater trochanter
Laterally rotates the thigh
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Obturator Externus
External border of obturatur foramen to the trochanteric fossa
Laterally rotates thigh and stabilizes head of femur and adducts thigh
Obturater nerve
Quadratus Femoris
Ischial tuberosity to greater trochanter and intertrochanteric crest
Laterally rotates and helps adduct thigh
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity to the posterior medial condyle of tibia
Flexes leg and extends thigh
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Semitendenosus
Ischial tuberosity to pes anserinus
Flexes leg and extends thigh
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Gastrocnemius
Lateral head - lateral condyle of the femur
Medial head - medial condyle of the femur and the popliteal surface
To the posterior calcaneous via the calcaneal tendon
Plantar flexion and assists in leg flexion at the knee
Tibial nerve
Soleus
Posterior head of the fibula and the soleal line to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
plantar flexion and stabilizes the leg
tibial nerve
Plantaris
Popliteal surface to the calcaneal tendon
Weakly assists the gastrocnemius
tibial nerve
Popliteus
Lateral condyle of the femur and lateral meniscus to the posterior tibia
Medially rotates the knee but lateral rotates femur laterally when foot is on ground to unlock the knee
Tibial nerve
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Med. post. tibia and inferior soleal line to the plantar bases of the 2-5 distal phalanges
Plantar flexion and 2-5 toe flexion
Tibial nerve
Tibialis Posterior
Lat. Post. Tibia, post. fibula and interosseous membrane to navicular tuberosity, all cuneiforms, cuboid and metatarsals 2-5
Plantar flexes ankle and inverts the foot
Tibial nerve
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Distal 2/3 of post. fibula and interosseous membrane to the base of the 1st distal phalanx
Plantar flexion and 1st digit flexion
Tibial nerve
Fibularis Longus
Head and proximal 2/3 of the fibula to the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Foot eversion and weak plantar flexion
Superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis Brevis
Distal 1/3 of the lat. fibula to the base of the 5th metatarsal
Foot eversion and weak plantar flexion
Superficial fibular nerve
Biceps Femoris
Long head - ischial tuberosity
Short head - lateral lip of linea aspera
lat condyle of the posterior tibia and the post head of the fibula
Flexes and laterally rotates leg and extends thigh
long head - tibial division
short head - common fibular nerve
Tibialis Anterior
Lateral condyle and prox ½ of lat. Tibia to the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Dorsiflexes the ankle and inverts the foot
Deep fibular nerve
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Middle anterior fibula and interosseous membrane to the base of the 1st distal phalynx
1st digit extension and dorsiflexion
deep fibular nerve
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Lateral condyle of the tibia and interosseous membrane to the base of the 2-5 distal phalanges
2-5 digit extension and dorsiflexion
deep fibular nerve
Fibularis Tertius
Distal 1/3 of the ant. fibula and interosseous membrane to the base of the 5th metatarsal
foot eversion and dorsiflexion
deep fibular nerve
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Calcaneal tuberosity to the lateral base of the 5th proximal phalynx
Abducts the little toe
Lateral Plantar Nerve
Abductor Hallucis
Calcaneal tuberosity to the medial base of the 1st proximal phalynx
Abducts the big toe
Medial Plantar Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Calcaneal tuberosity to the plantar bases of the 2-5 middle phalanges (bifid)
2-5 digit flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint and the proximal interphalangeal joint
Medial plantar nerve
Quadratus Plantae
Body of the calcaneus to the the flexor digitorum longus tendons
Helps correct line of pull
Lateral plantar nerve
Lumbricals
Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus to the medial base of proximal phalanges 2-5 and dorsal expansion
2-5 digit flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joint and extension at the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
1st - medial plantar nerve
2,3,4 - lateral plantar nerve
Flexor Digiti Minimi brevis
base of the 5th metatarsal to the lateral base of the 5th proximal phalanx
flexes the little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
lateral plantar nerve
Adductor Hallucis
two heads:
1) oblique: bases of the 2,3,4 metatarsals
2) transverse head: ligaments of 3,4,5 MP joints
both attach to the medial base of the 1st proximal phalanx
adducts the big toe
lateral plantar nerve
Flexor Hallucis brevis
Cuboid and lateral cuneiform to the medial base of the 1st proximal phalanx
Flexes the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
Medial Plantar nerve
Dorsal Interossei
Sides of adjacent metatarsals to the dorsal expansion and proximal phalanges 2-4
Abduction of the 2,3,4 digits
Lateral Plantar nerve
Plantar Interossei
Medial side of the 3-5 metatarsals to the dorsal expansion and medial side of proximal phalanges 3-5
Adduction of the 3-5 digits
Lateral plantar nerve
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Superior Calcaneus to the lateral sides of extensor digitorum longus tendons
Extends the 2-5 digits
Deep fibular nerve
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Superior calcaneus to the base of the 1st proximal phalanx
Extends the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint
Deep fibular nerve
