Lower Limb - Clinical Considerations Flashcards
What is a common injury of motor vehicle accidents?
dislocation of the femur posterioly
What does a patient who has a dislocated hip look like?
mediallu rotated, flexed and adducted
What are the concerns that come with a dislocated femur?
vasculature to the head of the femur leading to necrosis
possibly the sciatic nerve
How do you fix a femur dislocation?
surgery
When does fracturing the neck of the femur typically occur?
elderly with osteoporosis
When people fracture the neck of their femur what do they look like?
limb is shorter, laterally rotated and abducted
How do you fracture the shaft of your femur?
high velocity injury
How do you know someone has broken the shaft of their femur?
cannot walk without extreme pain and deformity
can rotate limb side to side without hip movement
Is there anything to be concerned about with a femur shaft fracture?
vasculature
When is the ACL usually torn?
high speed acticity when foot is planted
What happens when you tear your ACL?
popping noise and swelling and pain
decreased range of movement
How do you test for an ACL tear?
anterior drawer test or a lachmans test
What is compartment syndrome?
abnormal increase in pressure within the anterior compartment of the leg (crural fascia)
What is affected with compartment syndrome?
decrease blood flow and nerve damage
What are the symptoms of compartment syndrome?
extreme pain
weak dorsiflexion of the 1st toe
decreased sensation of web
cause by compression of deep fibular nerve
What can compartment syndrome lead to?
tissue necrosis
How do they fix compartment syndrome?
fasciotomy
What causes a calcaneal tendon rupture?
strenuous physical activity
What are symptoms of a CTR?
inability to walk because foot cannot be plantar flexed
How do you diagnose a CTR?
thompsons test - squeeze the gastrocs
What are two solutions to varicose veins?
sclerotherapy or surgery
What is a segond fracture?
chipping of the head of the lateral tibial plateau
common with acl and mcl tears
What is genu varum?
bow legged
inversion
What is genu valgrum?
knock kneed
eversion
What causes trendelenberg gait?
pinched superior gluteal nerve causes loss of function of gluteus medius and minimus
no longer able to resist adduction of grounded foot when walking
How do you test for trendelenberg gait?
when standing on right leg, if left hip drops
positie right trendelenberg sign
What is tarsal tunnel?
compression of the tom dick and harry tendons and the posterior tibial artery and vein and tibial nerve
What causes tarsal tunnel?
varicose veins
inflammation of tendons
injury causing inflammation
diabetes or arthritis
What are the symptoms of tarsal tunnel?
weakness in flexion, adduction and abduction of toes
numbness, pain, tingling in bottom of foot
What causes foot drop?
damage to the common fibular nerve
can’t evert or dorsiflex foot
What does foot drop cause?
steppage gait
patient drags their toes or bends their knees to lift leg higher
What is osgood schlatters disease?
inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity and possible evulsion
usually in young people doing quick movements
What happens with a lateral ankle sprain?
most likely damage the anterior talofibular ligament
experience pain and swelling
What is plantar fasciitis?
damage to the plantar aponeurosis near the calcaneus as a result of repetitive motion that puts stress on longitudinal arch
