Lower Limb - Clinical Considerations

Question 1

What is a common injury of motor vehicle accidents?

Answer 1

dislocation of the femur posterioly

Question 2

What does a patient who has a dislocated hip look like?

Answer 2

mediallu rotated, flexed and adducted

Question 3

What are the concerns that come with a dislocated femur?

Answer 3

vasculature to the head of the femur leading to necrosis

possibly the sciatic nerve

Question 4

How do you fix a femur dislocation?

Answer 4

surgery

Question 5

When does fracturing the neck of the femur typically occur?

Answer 5

elderly with osteoporosis

Question 6

When people fracture the neck of their femur what do they look like?

Answer 6

limb is shorter, laterally rotated and abducted

Question 7

How do you fracture the shaft of your femur?

Answer 7

high velocity injury

Question 8

How do you know someone has broken the shaft of their femur?

Answer 8

cannot walk without extreme pain and deformity

can rotate limb side to side without hip movement

Question 9

Is there anything to be concerned about with a femur shaft fracture?

Answer 9

vasculature

Question 10

When is the ACL usually torn?

Answer 10

high speed acticity when foot is planted

Question 11

What happens when you tear your ACL?

Answer 11

popping noise and swelling and pain

decreased range of movement

Question 12

How do you test for an ACL tear?

Answer 12

anterior drawer test or a lachmans test

Question 13

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 13

abnormal increase in pressure within the anterior compartment of the leg (crural fascia)

Question 14

What is affected with compartment syndrome?

Answer 14

decrease blood flow and nerve damage

Question 15

What are the symptoms of compartment syndrome?

Answer 15

extreme pain
weak dorsiflexion of the 1st toe
decreased sensation of web
cause by compression of deep fibular nerve

Question 16

What can compartment syndrome lead to?

Answer 16

tissue necrosis

Question 17

How do they fix compartment syndrome?

Answer 17

fasciotomy

Question 18

What causes a calcaneal tendon rupture?

Answer 18

strenuous physical activity

Question 19

What are symptoms of a CTR?

Answer 19

inability to walk because foot cannot be plantar flexed

Question 20

How do you diagnose a CTR?

Answer 20

thompsons test - squeeze the gastrocs

Question 21

What are two solutions to varicose veins?

Answer 21

sclerotherapy or surgery

Question 22

What is a segond fracture?

Answer 22

chipping of the head of the lateral tibial plateau

common with acl and mcl tears

Question 23

What is genu varum?

Answer 23

bow legged

inversion

Question 24

What is genu valgrum?

Answer 24

knock kneed

eversion

Question 25

What causes trendelenberg gait?

Answer 25

pinched superior gluteal nerve causes loss of function of gluteus medius and minimus

no longer able to resist adduction of grounded foot when walking

Question 26

How do you test for trendelenberg gait?

Answer 26

when standing on right leg, if left hip drops

positie right trendelenberg sign

Question 27

What is tarsal tunnel?

Answer 27

compression of the tom dick and harry tendons and the posterior tibial artery and vein and tibial nerve

Question 28

What causes tarsal tunnel?

Answer 28

varicose veins
inflammation of tendons
injury causing inflammation
diabetes or arthritis

Question 29

What are the symptoms of tarsal tunnel?

Answer 29

weakness in flexion, adduction and abduction of toes

numbness, pain, tingling in bottom of foot

Question 30

What causes foot drop?

Answer 30

damage to the common fibular nerve

can’t evert or dorsiflex foot

Question 31

What does foot drop cause?

Answer 31

steppage gait

patient drags their toes or bends their knees to lift leg higher

Question 32

What is osgood schlatters disease?

Answer 32

inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity and possible evulsion
usually in young people doing quick movements

Question 33

What happens with a lateral ankle sprain?

Answer 33

most likely damage the anterior talofibular ligament

experience pain and swelling

Question 34

What is plantar fasciitis?

Answer 34

damage to the plantar aponeurosis near the calcaneus as a result of repetitive motion that puts stress on longitudinal arch